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How To Install Solar Panels Step by Step – An Ultimate Guide

What is the main purpose of installing solar panels?

Accounting for the inadequacy of fossil fuels, solar PV panels as an alternative source of energy enables you to
– go off-grid or
– keep the electricity bill down
Among the renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro, tidal, geothermal, etc.) solar generation is the most user-friendly system.
This complex-free technology can significantly power up your house.

In this article, we shall explain “How to install solar panels step by step”.
We’ll demonstrate connecting an array of solar PV panels; however, you can scale up the solar panels according to your demand provided you maintain the procedures.

If you’re thinking about installing solar PV panels for your home but it is the first time you are into electrical installation have no fear!
Here’s to a good start. We’ll cover the instructions on “How to install solar panels step by step” in detail for residential houses or offices.

We will describe the steps you need to take and answer the following questions to ease your solar installation process.

i. How do I know if my house is good for solar panels?
Brief description of how you hook up solar panels to your house
ii. do you have a roof that supports solar panels?
iii. How many solar panels does it take to run a house?
iv. What are the key elements of a solar PV system?

How to install solar panels yourself: an easy process

Solar installation planning

Calculating the power usage (load usage)
For proper solar installation planning, you have to know the performance parameters and your required wattage of solar PV panels.

Calculate how much solar power (in kilowatt-hours kWh) you require before starting the installation process.
This assessment will decide the size of your solar system and ensure the solar charge controller and battery bank be properly sized.

You can estimate your power needs with an arithmetic calculation. But if you want solar power to cover all your daily power usage you can just take the utility bill to know the required power.

Assuming, your monthly requirement of power = 600 kWh on average.
Thus, the daily requirement will be = 600/30 kWh
= 20 kWh
Divide this number by peak sun hours to get the required size of your array / PV system.
Peak sun hours = The number of hours the solar irradiance remains 1000 watts/square meters/day
If you receive 5 hours of peak sun hours in a day, the size of your PV system needs to be = 20 kWh / 5 h
= 20,000 / 5 W
= 4,000 W
If you want to install 250 W solar panels, the required number of solar panels will be = 4,000 W / 250 W
= 16

Solar system components and materials to purchase

Now, let’s review the key components of a solar PV system.
Only a well-built solar system with quality components – solar modules, batteries, inverters, and charge controllers ensures long durability. A solar PV system if installed with inferior materials will cause you nothing but distress. Hence, every component of the solar PV system is critical.

Substandard components are threatening the sustainability of your PV generation.
In this article, we’ll focus on how to install solar panels step by step with a proper selection of solar system components.

Whether you buy monocrystalline or polycrystalline solar PV panels, make sure they are of the same wattage capacity from the same renowned manufacturer.
You’ll need the following components for installing a roof-mounted solar PV system:
i. Solar array
ii. Mounting/racking kit & grounding system
iii. Inverter
iv. Cables
v. Rails
vi. Splices
vii. Mid clamps
viii. End clamps
ix. L-feet or standoff
x. Flashing
xi. Grounding lugs
xii. Grounding clips
xiii. Tape Measure
xiv. Benchmark (style) Cutting Knives
xv. Ratchet Action Pipe Cutter
xvi. Hammer

Solar PV panels generate DC power from sunlight. As household appliances use AC power, we’ll use an inverter to convert the DC power into AC.
The AC and DC cables will connect the inverter with the fuse box and PV panels respectively.

How to install solar panels at home: detailed description

You must be aware of the following things before we get to “How to install solar panels step by step” at home.

How do I know if my house is good for solar panels?

You’ve to assess a few things to know if your house is good for solar panels. The effectiveness of solar PV panels varies with the shape and size of your roof.

You should consider
⦁ The possibilities of shading
⦁ Space requirement (square meters) of the solar PV panels
⦁ Weight of the solar PV panels
⦁ Mounting / Racking system / frame

⦁ You may install solar panels on the roof (flush mounting), ground, or poles. Wherever you install the solar PV panels you must eliminate the possibilities of shading and mount the panels on the roof following your regional building codes and ordinances.

⦁ Try to keep plentiful space from the edge of the building when you’re installing the solar array. You may place the PV modules in landscape or portrait orientations considering your convenience and efficiency in the installation area.

⦁ You need to estimate how many solar PV panels can fit in your planned installation area (on your roof). Match with how much money you want to spend to produce your required power.

Let’s continue with the following approach.
Measure the width and length of
⦁ the area where you plan to set the solar PV panels
⦁ the solar PV panels you will be using

Let’s consider, the measurements of your solar modules are:
Width = 35 inches
Length = 60 inches
If any number comes infraction, round them up to the next integer.
Set the PV panels equidistant from other panels but not too close to each other.

For this example, we’ll be placing the panels horizontally (in landscape orientation) beside each other.
Let, the width of the installation area (east-west) be
= 15 ft
= 15×12 inches
= 180 inches
And the length (north-south) be
= 300 inches
Then the maximum number of solar PV panels in a column (landscape orientation) can be
= 300 / 35
= 8.57 ~ 8
And, the number of solar PV panels in a row will be
= 180 / 60
= 3
You’ll need two rails of a minimum of 180 inches installed at the top and bottom of a row of modules to attach 3 PV panels. One of the rails requires grounding clips for their mid & end clamps.
Grounding clips construct a grounding path for panels through the rail. For 8 panels in a column, there’ll be 8 rows and for that, you’ll require = 8 x 2 = 16 rails, of the 8 rails require grounding clips.
Each rail needs 2 mid-clamps and 2 end clamps.
Thus, 8 rails require = 4×8 = 32 grounding clips

Estimation of rail size
Portrait orientation Landscape orientation
PV Module width x the number of PV modules in a row PV Module length x the number of PV modules in a row

Installation of Clamps: Evaluating the thickness of your PV modules from the specification sheet, pick the compatible clumps. Screw the clamps into the rail to put pressure at the edges of PV panels.

⦁ The End clamps hold the PV modules down at the end of each rail to keep the PV panels in place.
Leave a gap of 2 inches at each end of the PV module’s end clamps.

The number of end clamps = 2, for each rail

In a row the required gap = 2 x 2 = 4 inches

In a row of modules for two rails, you’ll need 4 (2×2) end clamps.
For 8 rows (16 rails), you’ll need 32 (16×2) ends clamps.

⦁ The Mid clamps secure the PV modules to the frame in between every module. Leave a gap of 1 inch between the PV modules for the mid-clamps. For 3 panels, the required gap between them = 1 x 2 = 2 inches

The number of mid-clamps = PV modules in a row – 1
= 3 – 1 = 2 for each rail.
For 8 rows (16 rails), the number of mid clamps = 2 x 16 = 32

In the scenario above, installing 3 60-inch modules in a row, you’ll require at least 180 (3×60) inches of rail.
Adding 2 (1×2) inches for mid-clamps and 4 (2×2) inches for end clamps, the required length of the rail becomes
= 180 + 2 + 4
= 186 inches

However, you can add multiple rails of different sizes with splices to get your required length of the rails.

First glance at how do you hook up solar panels to your house?

You must know how the solar panels are hooked up to the system before you start following the necessary steps.
The more information you gather the more you’ll be prepared to qualify yourself to install a solar panel at home.

Solar panel installation process

What is the best direction for solar panels to face?

It is one of the crucial factors you should consider before installing a solar PV system. As a thumb rule, you need to lay the PV panels facing toward the equator.

Hemisphere Northern Southern
Panels facing South North

How many solar panels does it take to run a house?

It depends on the following factors
⦁ The size (watts) of each panel
⦁ Manufacture and type (efficiency) of solar panels
⦁ Your required kW, location (weather)
⦁ The capacity of the battery and inverter and
⦁ How long does it take to charge your battery?

How much power a solar PV panel can provide depends on the charge controller type as well.

Solar panel installation guide

Installation diagram / Electrical wiring
So how will you wire the solar PV panels series or parallel?

If any shade hits slightly at any part of your solar array of parallel connection, a considerable power decrease occurs from just the particular PV panel. However, it decreases power considerably from all of the panels of a series connection. Even after that, a series connection gets all the recommendations as it produces sufficient voltages throughout the day to charge your battery.

Series connection: Connect one panel’s positive terminal to the negative terminal of the other.

Total voltage = 18 x 3 = 54 Volts
Total current = 5 Amperes
Total power = 54 x 5 = 270 Watts

Parallel connection: Connect one panel’s positive terminal to the negative terminal of the other.

Total voltage = 18 Volts
Total current = 5 x 3 = 15 Amperes
Total power = 18 x 15 = 270 Watts

Make the connections above with branch connectors.

The racking and mounting system installation

You can mount the PV panels on the roof, ground, or pivoting stand.

If your roof is not convenient for installing PV panels considering the size, stability, and efficiency, you can go for ground mounting or a pivoting stand. With a pivoting stand, the PV panels can track the sun throughout the day.

⦁ Choosing the solar panel racking is critical as it relates to orientation, shading phenomenon and conditions of the roof or soil, etc. depending on where you plan to mount your solar energy system.

⦁ Evaluate whether the roof can sustain the extra weight of the PV panels.

⦁ All the solar PV panels must be of equal size in every array you make.

For proper distribution of wind, snow and other loads rafter-attached system are more convenient and safer.
Rafter attachment is a widely acknowledged method that supports the load of solar PV panels.
To waterproof the penetrations and prevent any leakage, use high-grade flashing and sealing materials such as butyl tape and components of stainless steel.

⦁ You’ll be needing stanchions or roof hooks to provide support to the solar PV panels. Set the stanchions equidistant from the others in an appropriate area on the roof (evenly distanced). They must have a flat mount underneath the shingle.
⦁ With a hand tool mildly hit the positions where you intended to set the stanchions till you find hard materials to attach the stanchions to the rafters. Put the tiles/shingles back down after that to cover part of the hook.
⦁ To lay a concrete tile flat, create a groove grinding its back.
⦁ For preventing the clay tiles to crack, replace the clay tiles with Eric tiles or corresponding ones.
⦁ And for slate tiles on the roof, you can attach Solar Limpets by drilling through the tiles.

The solar PV installations are roof-mounted for the most part and most steep-slope roofs use tiles and asphalt shingles.
You may require to penetrate the roof to mount a solar array. To secure the PV panels in place you may mount brackets into the roof rafters.
You must employ flashing techniques to decrease the possibility of water infiltration through the holes.

Asphalt Shingle Roofs

Drill holes to the roof stud and attach lag bolts to the frames/roof rafters. The bolts hold the solar PV panels and the racking firmly.
Flashing: Slip the flashing underneath the shingle/wood pieces.
With a piece of metal plate seal and enclose the brackets to prevent leakage of water.

Tile roofs

Tile roofs of metal, concrete, composite, etc. are well-suited with solar PV panels.
Evaluate and inspect your tile roof for cracks, holes, and protective layers before you start installing solar PV panels.
Remove the clay, concrete, or slate tiles from the locations in your roof where you plan to attach mounting foot and flashing. Buy metal hooks and flashing according to the shape and size of your tiles so you can suitably drill them into your roof to hold the solar PV panels. Put the tiles at their position above the feet of the racking.

Metal Roofs

The standing metal roofs are most suitable for solar PV panels.
You don’t require any penetrations into your roof as you can clamp your solar PV panel racks to the raised seams.
Use a U-clamp to secure the standing seam and then attach solar PV panel mounting to the clamp.
A raised seam allows circulating air underneath the solar PV panels to keep the panels cool.
But if you have a corrugated metal roof, you require to make penetrations into your roof. With a specified bracket attach solar PV panels and mounting to corrugated metal roofs.

Flat roof

You’ll require slanted metal mounting for flat roofs. Make small penetrations and seal the holes properly.
You may utilize a ballast setup which is a weighted mounting system that secures the solar PV panels. This setup doesn’t require drilling holes and allows the proper orientation of solar PV panels for optimal production.

Standoffs are posts attached to the structural support of the roof.
The standoff provides a gap between the solar PV panels and the roof.
The air gets to circulate beneath the PV panels and restrain the panels from overheating.
L-feet or Standoffs hold the rails and on top of the rails, we’ll mount the solar PV panels.

The number of Standoffs / rails = the number of PV panels + 1

The solar panel mount or rack secures the solar PV panels. It is the hardware under the solar PV module.
Typically, the space between the roof rafters can be 12, 16, 24 inches, etc.
Typical space between the standoffs can be 48 – 60 inches.
For 186 inches of rail, you’ll need 4 (186/48 = 3.775 ~ 4) standoffs, if external load due to snow or wind is insignificant. Otherwise, you’ll require more standoffs.

If the roof space is non-conventional, you must consult with a specialist.

Lastly, we’ll need grounding lugs for creating space for grounding wire. You’ll require one grounding lug for each rail. For 16 rails, you’ll need 16 grounding lugs.

Install solar inverter and battery

Once you’ve opted for the wattage and number of solar panels, you’ll need to pick an off-grid solar inverter that can handle what the installed PV panels generate.

A solar inverter transforms direct current (DC) from the solar PV panels into alternating current (AC) that powers the electrical devices.

With a backup battery bank, you can power required electrical appliances or critical electrical loads when the grid is down. A battery backup necessitates specific wiring from the battery to these loads.

An Off-grid solar PV system transforms the solar energy into electricity to run loads and with the in-built solar charge controller, you can charge the battery bank.

Connecting a Solar Charge Controller to Solar PV Panels

Typically, a deep cycle leisure battery requires 12.6 – 14.6 volts to recharge. The batteries won’t charge for voltages below 12.6 and voltages beyond 14.6 will cause the batteries to harm drastically. A solar charge controller monitors the voltage and regulates the recharging of the battery.
String inverter: Install on a wall to connect a string of solar PV panels into an inverter. Unless you have a huge solar system then you’ll require multiple inverters.
For a 150-kW solar system, you’ll need 10 inverters of 15 kW each.
If you want to expand your system, you can consider another type of inverter-
Micro-Inverter: Install behind each solar PV panel.
Buy single or multiple MPPT expandable inverters according to your estimated roof capacity with a warranty of a minimum of 10 years, digital display, and the best AC power rating.

Conclusion: What are the steps to installing solar panels?

Bring the DC cables from the roof into the house and connect them to an isolator (DC). With a DC isolator, you can switch off power flow from PV panels.
Now, connect the DC cables from the isolator to the inverter input.

Connect the output cable (AC) of the inverter to an isolator (AC).
If you put the inverter far from the house or easy reach, connect the cable from the isolator to another one adjacent to the fuse box. So, you can turn off your PV system at any urgency.
Connect the AC cable from the isolator to a generation meter that goes behind the fuse box which then is connected to a fresh MCB (16 Amp, etc.).
Turn off the power of the house and insert the MCB into a gap of your fuse box to regulate the circuit of your PV system.

Summary

Solar PV global capacity (on- and off-grid) has increased to 627 GW whereas in just a decade ago it was not more than 23 GW. The future of solar PV development does look even brighter!
Solar PV panels allow you to have an independent lifestyle without relying too much on the power grid. Solar PV panels are one of the best off-grid solutions whether you want to power an air-conditioner or charge up your cell phones.
From the layout of a PV system covered in this article, you can pick the right components for your desired solar array. “How to install solar panels step by step” guide will let you make proper decisions for precise considerations.
With this DIY you’ll be able to continue solar construction on your own without any assistance from the installer companies. Disruption in installation and maintenance of solar PV panels won’t occur anymore.

How to Calculate the Number of Solar Panels Required for Your House?

Solar photovoltaic (PV) system is often considered the most reliable and clean energy source amongst all the renewable energy sources. The PV modules generate electricity, converting sunlight. 

A well-designed solar PV system can produce sufficient energy to satisfy the power requirements of your residence, office, or factory.

With a solar PV system, you’ll produce enough power to cut your electric bill drastically. If you’re in a sunny region, you can even reduce electric bills by up to fifty percent as well!

The average electricity cost for a house in the United States of America (USA) is $1,450 annually. A 6 kilo watts solar PV system in a state (Washington) of the USA can make a savings of $692.5 a year.  

But for a more significant financial return, you must know precisely how to calculate number of solar panels required for your house. 

Installation of a solar PV system without prolonging the process is another prime concern here. This investment can be just as costly as the one you’d make in real estate.


Continue reading till the end of this article to find out how to calculate number of solar panels required for your house for a super saving. So, you can eliminate all sorts of extra expenditures from day one of solar PV system installation while minimizing the carbon footprint as much as possible.  

You can rely on a solar installation firm, of course; you can attempt this DIY solar as well. Since we will provide you the reasoning of our methods and all other significant details on this matter, How to Calculate the Number of Solar Panels Required for Your House or property. 

Three Factors towards How Many Solar Panels Are Needed to Run a House?

The sum of solar panels you require for your house varies with the circumstances you’re in. 

The three most significant factors for calculating number of solar panels required for your house are as follows: 

i. Energy usage per year / month / daily in kWh

ii. Geographical location for sun hours per year / month / daily

iii. Size and capacity of solar panels

Three Steps: How to Calculate the Number of Solar Panels Required for Your House?

The number of solar PV panels required depends on several factors. Let’s consider them one by one:

Step 1: How Much Energy Does Your House Require Yearly? 

Work out the annual electricity consumption (kilowatt-hours, kWh) on your first step of how to calculate number of solar panels required for your house.

If you look at your monthly electric bill, you can find this vital piece of information. Please take this as average monthly usage and multiply it by 12 to determine your annual kWh usage. 

This, obviously, is an easy approach; however, your electricity consumption in summer will vary significantly from winter. 

Add up the electricity usage going over the electricity bill of 12 months for a better approximation of annual electricity consumption. 

Lets’ say, 

The Annual Electricity consumption of your house = 5,565 kilo watts hour (kWh) 

So, how much solar power will you need monthly / daily / hourly? 

Now, we determine the monthly, daily, or hourly average consumption to calculate how much power you will require to produce from solar PV panels.

  • Monthly Average Electricity Consumption = 

Annual Electricity Consumption ÷ 12

  • Daily Average Electricity Consumption = 

Annual Electricity Consumption ÷ 365

  • Hourly Average Electricity Consumption = 

Annual Electricity Consumption ÷ 365 x 24 

AverageElectricity Consumption
1. Monthly463.75 kWh
2. Daily15.25 kWh
3. Hourly0.64 kWh

You may want to add a minimum of 25 % of the measured average value to get your required power since the solar PV panels might function at lower efficiency often due to a number of reasons such as

  • Cell technology: Monocrystalline vs. Polycrystalline. 

The efficiency of Monocrystalline solar PV panels can be up to 20%. While, Polycrystalline solar PV panels have 17% efficiency. However, the latter one can tolerate higher temperatures.

  • Roof Space: The direction at which the solar PV panels are facing if not optimum to absorb more sunlight due to roofs of an odd shape or smaller capacity, or shadows of trees or buildings, etc. 
AverageElectricity Consumption
1. Monthly463.75 + (463.75 * 25 %) = 579.69 kWh
2. Daily15.25 + (15.25 * 25 %) =19.06 kWh
3. Hourly0.64 + (0.64 * 25 %) = 0.8 kWh

Since the power requirement varies throughout the year, you’ll need to factor in your potential solar power usage to let you not waste any power. Unless, you’ve either a battery bank installed to store excess power or access to a net-metering system to pass the extra energy to the utility grid. 

If you want to offset 60% of your monthly electricity consumption with solar energy, then the power you will require to produce from solar PV panels

= 579.69 kWh x 60 %

= 347.81 kWh

Assuming you have a battery bank or access to a net-metering system and your future energy requirement will not change in a decade or so, you can offset 100% (579.69 kWh) of your monthly electricity consumption with solar energy. 

To acquire the exact energy measured above for powering a house with solar PV panels, the next important thing is to consider the sunlight hours in the region you’re residing in.

How many hours of daily sunlight your state receives is crucial because your geographical location and climate will affect the solar PV panels to produce energy inconsistently. 

One region may not get enough direct sunlight because of the distinctive geographical location i.e., the angle at which the sunlight enters may be smaller. 

So generally speaking, a house in a sunny region will require less solar PV panels to produce the same amount of power as in cloudy weather. 

Step 2: How Many Hours of Sunlight Can You Expect in Your Area Per Year / Month / Daily? 

The average daylight hours are not the same as peak sunlight hours.

The peak sunlight hours are a period during which the sunlight intensity is 1,000 watts per square meter.

Look at the table below to can get an idea of the peak sunlight hours in some regions.

RegionResource
1. Australiahttps://www.rpc.com.au/pdf/Solar_Radiation_Figures.pdf
2. United States of Americahttps://www.turbinegenerator.org/sunlight-hours-rank/

You can find several online resources that have peak sunlight hours for other states or cities.  

Go to the following website and get started by putting your specific location to find the peak sunlight hours in the result section. Here, the peak sunlight hour is described as Solar Radiation (kWh / meter square / day).

https://pvwatts.nrel.gov/

For the convenience of this exercise, let’s assume,

  • The average peak sunlight hours (daily) = 5 

In the following step, we’ll convert the monthly / daily / hourly electricity consumption into the number of solar panels to produce the sum of energy you wish to offset annually. 

Step 3 (a): How Do I Calculate the Size of My Solar System?

Solar PV System = Average Monthly Electricity (kWh) Consumption / (Peak Sunlight Hours x 30 days)

Putting the values we’ve got above to formulate the sizing of your solar system,

Solar PV System = 579.69 / (5 x 30)

= 3.8646 kW

Now, when the generated electricity goes through the conversion of Direct Current (DC) to Alternative Current (AC), we need to take into account of Derate factor which is the ratio of loss while converting DC to AC. The Derate factor is typically 0.77. 

Solar PV System = Average Monthly Electricity (kWh) Consumption / (Peak Sunlight Hours x 30 days x Derate factor)

So, the Solar PV System becomes = 3.8646 kW / 0.77

    = 5.02 ~ 5 kW

Here, 

  • The Average Monthly Electricity (kWh) Consumption = 579.69 kWh.
  • The Peak Sunlight Hours (monthly) = 5 x 30 = 150  
  • Derate factor = 0.77

Step 3 (b): Determining Individual Solar Panel Sizing

The power rating, i.e., the wattage of a solar PV panel, indicates how much power it can produce.  

Assuming, 

Power Rating of the Solar PV Panels = 250 watts 

The Number of Solar Panels Required = Solar PV System Size in Watts / Power Rating of the Solar PV Panels

Thus, The Number of Solar Panels Required 

= 5 x 1000 watts / 250 watts 

= 20

If your house can’t support or allow enough rooftop space for solar panels, you may install solar PV panels of a higher power rating. 

Considering solar PV panels of 300 watts power rating,

The Number of Solar Panels Required

= 5 x 1000 watts / 300 watts 

= 16.67 ~ 17

Conclusion 

Solar PV system as one of the sources of renewable energy is very much encouraged in factories, hospitals, residential applications, etc. to lessen the emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as much as possible. 

With a solar PV system that generates electricity by converting the sunlight, you can reduce electricity bills heavily, ensuring you’re empowered and have good riddance with all the nonrenewable energy sources! 

In this article, we’ve tried to equip you in few steps to determine the best combination for efficiently generate solar power and maximize your investment. 

Largely, How to Calculate the Number of Solar Panels Required for Your House necessitates you to weigh the aspects of weather conditions (such as dust, wind, snow, etc.), solar PV panel efficiency, surface angle, and, orientation, etc. and make proper measurement of your energy requirement throughout the year and peak sunlight hours in your area. 

Summary of How to Calculate the Number of Solar Panels Required for Your House (Key Takeaways) 

  • Step 1: Take your previous electricity bills to calculate your average yearly / monthly daily / hourly power consumption and factor it according to your power generation goal  
  • Step 2: Divide the average monthly electricity (kWh) consumption (kWh) by the peak sunlight hours (of your region) per month and then further divide it by 1000 to get the solar PV system size in watts
  • Step 3: Divide solar PV system size by the power rating (wattage) of your chosen solar PV panel capacity to get the number of solar PV panels required for your house

Solar Tubes Pros and Cons at a Glance: Important Benefits and Drawbacks of Solar Tube Lighting to Consider for Your Home

Solar tubes are about to use for residential or commercial construction. If we consider the Pros of Solar tubes, they get natural light very similar to a skylight.

However, they generally provide more light per square foot of opening than a skylight. Since they are typically smaller, the roof’s space is smaller, reducing the probability of leaks at the roof by funnelling light to somewhere instead of a skylight.

And the Cons of Solar tubes don’t have the emotional impact of a skylight. It doesn’t look like natural light.

This could have been replicated with a recessed light at less cost and no roof opening. The round tube is brutal to frame around, as opposed to a square/rectangular skylight. 

Let’s have a read on Solar Tubes Pros and Cons at a glance. 

Super Solar Tube: Solar Tubes Pros and Cons at a Glance

Sometimes you want to allow more natural light in your home but find skylights too big, expensive, or hard to maintain; solar tubes are a simple alternative.

Also known as sun tunnels or tubular skylights, solar tubes give you a discreet way to brighten the different areas of your home with soft, natural light.

The standard solar tube is a polished sheet metal tube installed in the roof to channel sunlight into the house’s interior. They’re most commonly found in 10- and 14-inch-diameter sizes that fit between standard 16-inch roof joists.

On the roof end of the tube, there is a weather-resistant acrylic cap. To help distribute the light evenly on the ceiling side is around and window-like opening with a diffuser.

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What is a Solar tube?

Solar tubes are not replacements for electric lighting; instead, they are usually used as an alternative to a natural skylight. They are a lower-cost product that can be an easy-to-install and reliable alternative to skylights while you won’t get the view of the sky like you would come with a skylight.

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Solar Tubes Pros and Cons at a Glance

Solar tube- Effective, Understated, and Affordable. Let’s see the Solar Tubes Pros and Cons at a Glance.

Pros of Solar tube

Using solar tubes, you can light your home for free without the expense of skylight installation or the need to alter your rooms’ look.

Free lighting – On a mainly sunny day, one 10-inch solar tube gives you around a similar amount of light as three 100-watt bulbs.

That’s a lot for illuminating a 200 sq. ft. room well enough for office work or lighting a 300 sq. ft. sufficient room for less visual activities such as taking a shower or folding the laundry.

You don’t need to use an electric light on sunny or even moderately cloudy days with this much light. You’ll enjoy extra convenience while saving money. Choose a solar tube model which includes an electric light if you need light at night, too.

Design flexibility – Skylights are hard to miss when you walk into a room, given their size. On the other hand, solar tubes are subtle design elements that add light without calling attention.

Solar tubes let you do when you want to bring more light into your living room or bedroom without altering the room’s architecture; they also fit into smaller spaces than traditional skylights. It is a practical way to brighten up a small, dim hallway or pantry.

Lower risk of leaks – Traditional skylights is well known for their tendency to leak. A significant reason for this is how they collect debris, such as leaves, which prevents rainfall and snowmelt from draining off the roof.

The built-up water then finds its way under the roofing material than to your ceiling. Solar tubes are likely lesser leak because their small & flat dome allows water to drain around them.

Budget-friendly installation – Solar tubes may look like a luxury feature, but they don’t require a significant investment. The tubes themselves have cost less than skylights, and they’re also lesser expensive to have installed because they don’t need any changes to the drywall or framing. 

You’ll get better results if you hire a professional, whereas the installation requires fitting the tube around wiring, pipes, or air ducts in more complicated cases.

Cons of Solar tube

Solar tube- Limited Design Impact & Less Control

Solar tubes give fewer options for controlling the light entering the room, and their smaller size means they do little to enhance the home’s architecture.

Fewer options for control – Skylights give more control over the quality of light to let in. Skylight shades work like window shades, while the variety of skylight diffusers on the market provides plenty of options for distributing the light to the room.

You can also add a film to reduce UV light that can fade rugs and furniture. Vented skylights even let get some fresh air with sunlight by opening the skylight that would allow an awning window.

With solar tubes, shades and venting aren’t options. In that case, you can use diffusers and window film, you’ll have a fewer selection than what’s available for skylights.

Slight design improvement – Skylights are generally an architectural design feature, making the room appear larger and airier and giving an ever-changing view of the passing clouds.

That added both an ambiance of luxury and a feeling of connection to nature. However, most solar tubes are seemed too small to affect the room’s appearance beyond letting the light in, and they don’t allow us to see much of anything from the outdoors.

It is not equally suited to all kinds of homes – The type of roof we have would make it impractical to install solar tubes. Generally, most solar tubes are designed for roofs with a slope in-between 15 and 60 degrees.

If you have a flat room, you have to look for tubular skylight models specifically designed for the roof. The installation may not be possible on a steeply pitched roof, such as an A-frame. Most DIY solar tube kits are explicitly designed for roofs with asphalt or wood shingles. You’ll need an adapter if you have tiles or a metal roof.

Concluding Thoughts

In the condition of high-humidity climates, condensation on the inside of the tube is a common problem. You can minimize this cost by wrapping the tube in R-15 batt insulation before installing it. Here in this read of Solar Tubes Pros and Cons at a glance.

If your home could possibly use a bit more daylight, particularly for the smaller spaces, but you don’t either want to spend a lot of change your rooms’ overall look, solar tubes are a practical solution. Then look the other side, if you’re going to impact a room’s appearance significantly and you’re willing to pay for it, then you might want to stick with installing traditional skylights.

Few Facts on Solar Tube

Which is better solar tube or skylight?

The solar tube is more effective regarding energy efficiency, capturing light and diffusing it into the home. Although skylights gather three times the light of regular windows, energy is lost through heat gain, particularly in warmer months and climates.

Do solar tubes work at night?

Can a Solatube Daylighting System store light for use at night? No, the Solatube® Daylighting System only transfers the available sunlight that enters through the dome during the day.

What is the best solar tube?

Best Solar Tube Reviewed:

· 1- VELUX Sun Tunnel.

· 2- Natural Light Energy Systems.

· 3- Velux TLR Sun Tunnel.

· 4- Natural Light Energy Systems.

· 5- ODL Tubular Skylight.

· 6- Kennedy Skylights Flex Tubular Skylight.

· 7- Velux TGR 014 0000 Sun Tunnel.

· 8- Kennedy Skylights Rigid Tubular Skylight.

Are solar tubes energy efficient?

The Solatube system gives as much light as much larger conventional skylights by its advanced optics. There are too many benefits to Solatube skylights! They are consistent and energyefficient, letting in more light than traditional skylights without the shifting pattern.

How does a solar tube work?

solar tube is a reflective material that is a cylindrical piece. This mirror-like material captures sunlight and bounces it on the interior surfaces of the tube. As the light travels over multiple characters, it reaches the interior of your home, where the light will emit through an acrylic dome in the ceiling.

7. Reference:

Graphene Renewable Energy: Harnessing Graphene’s Potential for Sustainable Energy Solutions

You might be surprised to know that within the human body, carbon is the second most abundant mass and the fourth most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen based on mass.

This is how carbon makes the chemical basis for all life on earth, making graphene potentially an eco-friendly and sustainable solution for an almost limitless number of applications.

After discovering (or, more accurately, the mechanical obtainment) of graphene, applications within different scientific disciplines have exploded.

Let’s have a read on how new types of graphene renewable energy open up for exciting opportunities for us-

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Graphene – Consider the aspect of nanotechnology, so to think big, you need first consider the very small.

The truth about graphene, since it was first discovered in 2004, has been hailed as one of the significant materials breakthrough since the plastics revolution more than a century ago.

The early predictions were that graphene would almost immediately enable the kinds of products and technologies we’re used to seeing in sci-fi movies.

Cut to more than a decade and a half later, and that still hasn’t happened. Not even close.

With opinions split between people overhyping graphene or calling it a massive disappointment, it’s time we got to the truth of what is happening with this so-called ‘wonder material’.

Graphene Renewable Energy is more efficient in conducting electricity than copper, 200 times stronger than steel but six times lighter.

It is almost entirely transparent since it can absorb 2% of light, even those as light as hydrogen or helium are impermeable to gases. To alter its properties, chemical components can be added to its surface if that were not enough.

Discovery of Graphene

Carbon comes in many different forms as so-called allotropes, from the graphite found in pencils to the world’s most expensive diamonds. In 1980, we knew only three basic forms of carbon: diamond, graphite, and amorphous carbon. And then, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes were discovered, and graphene joined the club in 2004.

Before Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov first demonstrated graphene, in 2004, two physicists from the University of Manchester received the Nobel Prize in 2010. Scientists have argued that strictly 2D crystalline materials were thermodynamically unstable and that could not exist.

In 1947 Graphene had already been studied theoretically by P.R. Wallace as a textbook example for solid-state physics calculations. He predicted about the electronic structure and noted the linear dispersion relation. J.W. McClure wrote down the wave equation for excitations in 1956, and G.W. Semenoff discussed the similarity to the Dirac equation in 1984.

Geim and Novoselov, in their initial experiments, extracted graphene from a piece of graphite, such as is found in ordinary pencils. Using regular adhesive tape, they obtained a carbon flake with a thickness of only one atom. This mechanical exfoliation is the simplest preparation method and, surprisingly, makes stand-alone graphene a reality.

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Knowing the process of graphene making 

The quality of graphene plays a vital role as defects, impurities, grain boundaries, structural disorders, multiple domains, and wrinkles in the graphene sheet can adversely affect its electronic and optical properties.

In electronic applications, the essential bottleneck is the requirement of large-size samples, which is possible only in the CVD process. Still, it isn’t easy to produce high-quality, single-crystalline graphene thin films with high electrical and thermal conductivity and excellent optical transparency.

Another primary concern in the synthesis of graphene by conventional methods involves the use of toxic chemicals. These methods generally result in the generation of hazardous waste and poisonous gases. This is why there is a need to develop green strategies to produce graphene by following environmentally friendly approaches.

The preparation process for graphene should allow for in situ fabrication and integration of graphene-based devices with complex architecture, eliminating the multi-step and laborious fabrication methods at a lower production cost.

The most common techniques available for graphene production are shown schematically below, including micromechanical cleavage, chemical vapor deposition, epitaxial growth on SiC substrates, and chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite, and unzipping the carbon nanotubes.

Each method can have advantages and limitations depending on its target application(s). To overcome these barriers in commercializing graphene, researchers are making concerted efforts at various Research and Development institutes, universities, and companies worldwide to develop new methods for large-scale production of low-cost and high-quality graphene via simple and eco-friendly initiatives.

Already, researchers have produced large, single-crystal-like graphene films more than a foot long on virtually any flat surface – a step towards commercialization.

However, a considerable caution here is that global graphene production appears to suffer from severe quality issues. It seems that there is almost no high-quality graphene, as defined by ISO, in the market yet.

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Description of Graphene Renewable Energy

Graphene is a form of carbon that can bring us space elevators and bulletproof armor, improve medicine, and the internet can run faster — someday. For the past 15 years, consumers have heard about this wonder material and all the ways it could change everything. Is it almost here, or is it another promise that is perpetually just one more breakthrough away?

Graphene is actually an allotrope of carbon, and it is consists of hexagonal ring-like structures, which is a combination of graphite, carbon nanotubes, charcoal, and fullerene. Graphene is highly efficient in comparison to other hydrocarbons. Graphene has the efficiency in conducting heat and energy.

The graphene stability is shallow when it has a thickness of 20nm means when it has below 6000 molecules. Still, we can make it more stable when we increase the number of much larger molecules above 24000 molecules at this fullerene. The resistivity power of the graphene is 10 −6 Ω⋅cm.

This is the only element at room temperature which has low resistivity. Graphene’s unique optical properties produce an unexpectedly high opacity for an atomic monolayer in a vacuum, absorbing πα ≈ 2.3% of red light, where α stands as the fine-structure constant. This results from the “unusual low-energy electronic structure of monolayer graphene that features electron and conical hole bands meeting each other at the Dirac point.

Graphene’s melting point was 4015k; later, it increased to 5000k, above 6000k. It is known that the sheet of graphene melts when it gets radiation above 6000k from the sun. Graphene has a space of 0.355 internally.

Uses of Graphene 

The usage of graphene in energy storage is most especially researched using graphene in advanced electrodes. Combining graphene and silicon nanoparticles resulted in anodes sustaining 92% of their energy capacity over 300 charge-discharge cycles, with a maximum capacity of 1500 mAh per gram of silicon.

Achieved energy density values are above 400 Wh/kg. A Spearhead project will focus on the pre-industrial production of a silicon-graphene-based lithium-ion battery in the next Flagship phase.

Furthermore, a spray-coating deposition tool for graphene was developed, enabling large-scale production of thin films of graphene used, for example, to produce supercapacitors with very high power densities.

Price of Graphene 

Graphene can spur advances in a variety of sectors, from transport to medicine to electronics. Unfortunately, high graphene costs have slowed commercialization.

Cost factors of Graphene 

Understanding how graphene is produced is actually crucial to understanding graphene cost. That’s because how graphene is made relates to how much it ultimately costs.

Graphene cost is directly linked to graphene quality. For example, the organization points to graphene oxide, which is inexpensive. It can also be used for advanced composite and biotechnology applications; it can’t be used for batteries, flexible touch screens, and “other advanced optoelectronic applications.”

In contrast, CVD graphene offers sufficient quality for any graphene application, is priced depends on the cost of transferring it from the substrate on which graphene is grown and production volume. That essentially means that buying high-quality graphene in large volumes is cheaper than buying a small quantity of it.

Of course, the issue is that with no commercial applications for graphene so far available, few are looking to buy the material in massive quantities. As a result, graphene is not cheap for the most part.

Electronic properties

One reason nanotechnology researchers working towards molecular electronics are very much excited about graphene is its electronic properties. It is one of the most fine electrical conductors on Earth. The distinctive atomic arrangement of the carbon atoms in graphene permits its electrons to easily travel at tremendously high velocity without the significant chance of scattering, saving precious energy typically lost in other conductors.

Scientists have found that graphene can conduct electricity even at nominally zero carrier concentration limits because the electrons don’t appear to slow down or localize.  And the electrons moving around the carbon atoms interact with the periodic potential of graphene’s honeycomb lattice, which helps raise new quasiparticles that have lost their mass or rest mass (so-called massless Dirac fermions). It means that graphene never stops conducting. It was also found that they travel faster than electrons in other semiconductors.

Mechanical properties

The impressive and intrinsic mechanical properties of graphene, its strength, stiffness, and toughness are some of the reasons graphene stands out as an individual material and a reinforcing agent in composites. They are produced by the stability of the sp2 bonds that form the hexagonal lattice and oppose a variety of in-plane deformations.

Here in the article below, a detailed discussion of the mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites can be found.

Stiffness

The breaking force obtained experimentally from the simulation was almost identical, and the experimental value of the second-order elastic stiffness was equal to 340 ± 50 N m-1. This value corresponds to Young’s modulus of 1.0 ± 0.1 TPa, assuming an adequate thickness of 0.335 nm.

Strength

Defect-free, monolayer graphene is considered the most robust material ever tested, with a strength of 42 N m-1, which equates to an intrinsic strength of 130 GPa.

Toughness

Fracture toughness, a property very relevant to engineering applications, is one of graphene’s most important mechanical properties and was measured as a critical stress intensity factor of 4.0 ±0.6 MPa.

Research groups worldwide are developing industrially manufacturable graphene sheets with high strength and toughness in all sheet directions for diverse applications as graphene-based composites for vehicles, optoelectronics, and neural implants.

A recent consumer product example that exploits graphene’s mechanical properties is the Momo Evo Graphene motorcycle helmet, developed by Italy’s Momodesign and the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT).

The first-ever graphene-infused carbon fiber helmet capitalizes on the material’s strong, thin, and conductive, flexible, and light characteristics for creating a helmet that absorbs and dissipates impact better than your average helmet. It also disperses heat more efficiently, so it’s cooler.

Another example is the Dassi Interceptor™ Graphene bike – the world’s first graphene bicycle. Enhancing carbon fiber with graphene allows making lighter, thinner tubes that are stronger than regular carbon. That means an aero-shaped frame with none of the usual weight sacrifice. This bike is 30% lighter yet twice as strong and super stiff thanks to its graphene reinforced frame.

Optical Properties

Graphene’s ability to absorb a relatively large 2.3% white light is also a unique and exciting property, especially considering it is only one atom thick. Its aforementioned electronic properties are the electrons act like massless charge carriers with a very high mobility rate. Several years ago, it was proved that the amount of white light absorbed is based on the Fine Structure Constant rather than being dictated by material specifics. Adding another graphene layer increases the amount of white light absorbed by approximately the same value (2.3%). Graphene’s opacity of πα ≈ 2.3% equates to a universal dynamic conductivity value of G=e2/4ℏ (±2-3%) over the visible frequency range.

Graphene strength

Due to the strength of 0.142 Nm-long carbon bonds, graphene is the most robust material ever discovered. Graphene is with an ultimate tensile strength of 130,000,000,000 Pascals (or 130 gigapascals), compared to 400,000,000 for A36 structural steel or 375,700,000 for Aramid (Kevlar).

Using Waste to Cost-Effectively Produce Graphene

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https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=5589

Global waste has been a big concern for the last several years and continues to be an increasingly pressing issue in modern-day society. In a completely different world aspect, the graphene industry has been trying to bolster many sectors, including consumer-centric sectors. Nevertheless, some applications have not been as fruitful (even though the added value is there) because graphene’s cost is too high for these industries.

Future of graphene 

One would expect to see it everywhere, as graphene’s seemingly endless list of strengths. Then why is graphene not widely adopted to use? It comes down to money, as with most things. Graphene is still immensely expensive to produce in large quantities, limiting its use in any product that would demand mass production. Moreover, when large graphene sheets are made, there is an increased risk of tiny fissures and other flaws appearing in the material. Economics will always decide success, no matter how incredible a scientific discovery may be.

Research on graphene is by no means slowing down; keep the production issues aside. Research laboratories worldwide — where graphene has first discovered at the University of Manchester— are continually filing patents for new methods of producing and using graphene. The European Union has already approved funding for a flagship program in 2013, which will fund graphene research for use in electronics. Meanwhile, major tech companies in Asia are researching graphene, including Samsung.

Revolutions don’t happen overnight. If you can recall, Silicon was discovered in the mid of 19th century, but it took nearly a century before silicon semiconductors paved the way for the rise of computers. With its almost mythical qualities, might graphene be the resource that drives the next era of human history? Only time will tell.

Few facts on Graphene Renewable Energy

Is graphene flammable?

Graphene’s tremendously high flammability has been an obstacle to further development and commercialization. However, this discovery makes it possible to mass-produce graphene and graphene membranes to improve a host of products, from fuel cells to solar cells to supercapacitors and sensors.

Can graphene produce electricity?

Researchers harnessed graphene’s atomic motion to generate an electrical current that could lead to a chip replacing batteries. Physicists have successfully developed an electrical current from the atomic movement of graphene, discovering a new source of clean, limitless power.

How does graphene store energy?

The main reason for using graphene for its high surface area, stability, and conductivity (as well as charge carrier mobility) are that it can be utilized to accumulate and store charge—which is the fundamental energy storage mechanism capacitors.

What is graphene currently used for?

Application areas. Transport, medicine, electronics, energy, defense, desalination; the range of industries impacting graphene research is substantial.

Are Graphene batteries available?

Graphene-based batteries have exciting potential, and while they are not yet fully commercially available, R&D is intensive and will hopefully yield results in the future.

Is Graphene the future?

Graphene promised a world of future applications, including super-fast electronics, ultra-sensitive sensors, and incredibly durable materials. Graphene proved more potent than steel but highly flexible, and electrons could zip through it at high speeds.

Are Graphene batteries the future?

Graphene technology has already hit the market is not the future at all. For decades, we have used lithium-ion-based batteries, but gradually we might be able to get used to the latest generation of batteries based on graphene.

Can we see graphene?

Graphene is the thinnest material on earth, so light that it is actually two-dimensional! However, despite being so thin, we can still see graphene with our naked eyes! Graphene is the world’s most conductive material. The carbon atoms in graphine delocalise electrons, which allows them to move freely in the material.

Concluding discussion

There’s no doubt this wonderful stuff will soon be used in almost every aspect of your home, work, and transport.

World, it’s time to start loving Graphene Renewable Energy.

Graphene can spur advances in a variety of sectors, from transport to medicine to electronics. Unfortunately, high graphene costs have slowed commercialization.

Everyone agrees that graphene is a fantastic material. Graphene has interestingly better electron mobility than any metal, is one atom thin, is flexible, and all that while being stronger than steel.

The Nobel Prize in physics 2010 confirmed the material’s potential, and scientific breakthroughs keep rolling out. Graphene has been shown to enhance batteries, electronic transistors, solar cells, flexible displays, sensors, and material strength. Thousands of patents are being filed each year for inventions ranging from graphene tries to flexible cellphones.

However, it is difficult to predict when and how graphene will make it to the market in huge quantities. The key arguing point is the price of graphene.

“Graphene already costs competitive for several industrial applications.”

13. Reference:

  1. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/nov/26/graphene-molecule-potential-wonder-material
  2. https://www.nanowerk.com/what_is_graphene.php
  3. https://www.graphenea.com/pages/graphene-properties#.YCfUcmgzbak
  4. https://www.graphene-info.com/graphene-structure-and-shape#:~:text=Graphene%20is%20a%20two%2Ddimensional,forms%20a%20single%20graphene%20sheet.

Vegans and Veganism: Is Vegan and Veganism The Same Thing?

More and more of us are going vegan. The environmental and ethical cause for a diet without all animal products, including meat, fish, dairy, and eggs, is convincing.  The environmental, health and ethical benefits of veganism are beyond a shadow of a doubt. But for those on the other side of the spectrum- what is veganism?

Is it the only a greener choice in diet? What are the pros and cons of being Vegan? And how does it impact society and the environment as a whole? Is it just bland food, or is there more to it than meets the eye?

Quite a few big names have been vegan for as long as they can remember. Let’s take a more in-depth look and find the answers to whether veganism could be a pathway for a better lifestyle for you. Let us know if you know more about this, and be with us for more articles. Is vegan and veganism the same thing? Happy reading!

Source-https://studybreaks.com/

What is veganism- going green or just avoiding meat?

Ever since the turn of the millennia, there has been a major movement against the consumption of meat and for a diet entirely based on vegetables. But is veganism only about eating vegetables? Apparently not.

According to vegans, Veganism is the practice of curtailing hurt to all animals, which needs abstaining from animal goods such as meat, fish, dairy, eggs, honey, gelatine, lanolin, wool, fur, silk, suede, and leather. Some call veganism an ethical standard for animal rights activists. Unlike vegetarianism, veganism is not a diet.

Instead, it is a moral attitude which, when firmly followed, according to the Vegan Society, “is a way of living which pursues to reject, as far as is possible and practicable, all forms of abuse of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose.” Hence, a vegan will not only choose plant-based diets but will also sidestep the use of animal-derived foods (such as animal-tested makeups) and will choose not to visit or support places that use animals for entertainment or where animals are hurt or harmed.

The Ups and Downs of being Vegan

A vegan diet can reduce your risk for chronic disease and certain cancers

A vegetarian diet protects against lingering illness, and vegans appear to profit more than those who include eggs or dairy products in their nutrition. As far back as 2009, the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition stated that vegans have considerably lower BMI and cholesterol levels than omnivores.

They also tend to have lesser blood pressure — which lessens the peril of coronary heart disease. Vegans have rarer strokes, and they’re less probable to have type 2 diabetes, prostate cancer, or colorectal cancer. All things considered, being vegan looks to shield against a wide range of illnesses.

A vegan diet may benefit you to lose bulk

A vegan diet tends to reduce in both calories and fat than other intakes, and those embracing a vegan regime frequently find they not only drop weight but can keep their weight loss lasting.

Benefits to the Environment.

Animal husbandry has a significant negative impact on the environment, would be eradicated in a vegan world. Just a couple of examples include a radical reduction in greenhouse emission emissions, a significant reduction in biodiversity loss, and a severe decrease in pollution of waterways.

Socio-Economic Benefits.

Animal diets are expensive in terms of monetary cost and land use. For people in poorer areas of the planet, the value of animal-based products is overwhelmingly high relative to the value of plant-based foods that provide similar nutrition.

Benefits to Animals.

True vegans are motivated by the privileges of all animals, including insects. According to the Vegan Society, “many believe that sensitive beings have a right to life and freedom.” Vegans choose cruelty-free products and avoid any clothing, furniture, etc., that is made from animal material like leather; many also avoid wool, silk, and other materials made up of or by animals.

The bad

Excessive weight loss can become weight gain.

Because vegan diets are so restrictive, many newbies may find that they’re hungrier than average and can reach out for junk foods—highly processed carbs, sugary, fatty foods and even vegan-formulated snacks—to fill up

Vegan diets are lacking in some important nutrients.

Calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B-12, and folate—all of which are existing in animal products—as essential nutrients a vegan diet can lack. Over time, inadequate consumption of those may result during a host of problems, including loss of bone and muscle mass.

Depending on pulses for protein can be uncomfortable.

But getting the foremost out of legumes, pulses and other alternative sorts of protein requires paying constant attention to combining them with the proper grains to make sure adequate nutrition, something that many people still find difficult to do

If not Vegan, Why not Keto?

Ketogenic diets are therapeutically used for the treatment of epilepsy for nearly a century, and that they became popular for weight-loss during the 1960’s and 70’s. Newer research has shown therapeutic potential for several other pathological conditions like neurological diseases, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, cancer, and a discount within the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disorders.

Typically, the ketogenic diet focuses on a high intake of fat. Fats are generally 70% – 80% of the diet; proteins are 10% – 20% and only around 5% comes from carbohydrates. Studies show that eating a lower carbohydrate; higher fat diet is useful in preventing heart condition, achieving weight loss, and managing the danger of diabetes.

The most advantage of a deficient carbohydrate diet is weight loss, but this might even be seen as an obstacle to those individuals not eager to reduce. Overall improved health, sporting performance, and endurance are other advantages reported from this eating. 

However, vegans would argue against this halfhearted approach and ask you to commit the whole way. And they have logic.

Risks of a ketogenic diet include possible kidney damage thanks to a really high protein intake, however true ketogenic diets should only be relatively high in protein and better in fat. Another potential downside to the present diet may be a reduced intake of vegetables thanks to their carbohydrate content, which ends up during a low absorption of fiber and a few plant-based nutrients.

It’s documented that adequate dietary fiber is essential for keeping a healthy gut microbiome and reducing the danger of colorectal disease. This diet can also be challenging to stick to long-term because it could also be very socially challenging and isolating. While the ketogenic diet shows clinical promise for a variety of health conditions, further studies are needed to research the therapeutic effectiveness, long-term safety, and therefore the potential mechanisms of action.

Impacts of Veganism: Is vegan and veganism the same thing?

Positive environmental effects of veganism

Do vegans play a part in saving the animals and, in turn, the environment?

The high numbers of greenhouse emissions is enough to form an individual choke, literally. A meat-based diet causes seven times more greenhouse emission emissions than a vegan diet. It’s reported that 51 percent or more of worldwide greenhouse-gas emissions are caused by animal agriculture, consistent with a report published by the Worldwatch Institute.

Livestock is the most significant contributor to methane gas, which is the gas that contributes to the most heat being trapped in the earth’s atmosphere.

The Environmental Protection Agency reports that the digestive processes of animals used for food and the management of manure together account for more than a third of total methane emissions (specifically in the US).

The nitrous oxide from the meat, eggs, and dairy industry is also of an unbelievable level and accounts for 65% of worldwide nitrous oxide emissions. These three gases are responsible for global warming, which essentially means that a hamburger is doing more damage to the earth than a car.

And that’s just the effect on the earth’s atmosphere. Wasting water is always a big issue in any country.

But

There is no denying that the increase in veganism has seen us fill our shopping baskets with food from far and wide, causing a massive carbon footprint.

Popular foods like avocados, lentils, mangoes, quinoa, copra oil, nut milk, blueberries, goji berries, and chickpeas are all brought in from abroad. However, farmers have begun to grow some of these items, such as lentils, chickpeas, and sweet potatoes on home soil in recent years.  

Not only do we need to consider the carbon footprint of long-distance vehicles, but the broader influence of the amplified trade of these foods. For example, at the beginning of 2019, Kenya banned exporting avocados because the country’s supply was at risk; equally, Mexico previously considered importing the fruit.

This is because despite being a world leader in supplying the fruit, they didn’t have enough for their consumption – harming citizens for whom avocado is a staple part of their diet.  Yet another example of our increased consumption that impacts locals of the country of origin is quinoa and the people of the Andes. The grain had long been a vital part of the region’s diet, but in three years, the cost of quinoa has trebled, becoming too expensive for locals to buy, leading to a decrease in consumption in the area.

Vegan Recipes

The vegan diet is claimed to be amongst the most boring diets out there. But it’s not entirely true. They have their share of mouth-watering burgers and brownies. Here’s the manual for those delicious meals.

Falafel Burgers

Ingredients: 

  • 400g can chickpea, rinsed and drained
  • 1 small red onion, roughly chopped
  • 1 garlic clove, chopped
  • a handful of flat-leaf parsley or curly parsley
  • 1 tsp ground cumin
  • 1 tsp ground coriander
  • 1⁄2 tsp harissa paste or chilli powder
  • 2 tbsp plain flour
  • 2 tbsp sunflower oil
  • toasted pitta bread, to serve
  • 200g tub tomato salsa, to serve
  • green salad, to serve

Method:

  • Drain a 400g can chickpeas and pat dry with kitchen paper.
  • Tip into a food processor along with 1 small roughly chopped red onion, 1 garlic clove, a handful of flat-leaf parsley, 1 tsp ground cumin, 1 tsp ground coriander, ½ tsp harissa paste or chillli powder, 2 tbsp plain flour and a little salt.
  • Blend until relatively smooth, and then shape into four patties with your hands.
  • Heat 2 tbsp sunflower oil in a non-stick frying pan, add the burgers, and then quickly fry for 3 mins on each side until lightly golden.
  • Serve with toasted pitta bread, 200g tub tomato salsa, and a green salad.

Vegan brownies

Ingredients:

  • 2 tbsp ground flaxseed
  • 200g dark chocolate, roughly chopped
  • ½ tsp coffee granules
  • 80g vegan margarine, plus extra for greasing
  • 125g self-raising flour
  • 70g ground almonds
  • 50g cocoa powder
  • ¼ tsp baking powder
  • 250g golden caster sugar
  • 1½ tsp vanilla extract

Method:

  • Heat oven to 170C/150C fan/gas 3½. Grease and line a 20cm square tin with baking parchment. Combine the flaxseed with 6 tbsp water and set aside for at least 5 mins.
  • In a saucepan, melt 120g chocolate, the coffee, and margarine with 60ml water on low heat. Allow cooling slightly.
  • Put the flour, almonds, cocoa, baking powder, and ¼ tsp salt in a bowl and stir to remove any lumps. Using a hand whisk, mix the sugar into the melted chocolate mixture, and beat well until smooth and glossy, ensuring all the sugar is well dissolved. Stir in the flaxseed mixture, vanilla extract, and remaining chocolate, then the flour mixture. Spoon into the prepared tin.
  • Bake for 35-45 mins until a skewer inserted in the middle comes out clean with moist crumbs. Allow to cool in the tin completely, then cut into squares. Store in an airtight container and eat within three days.

Tips for going Vegan: Is vegan and veganism the same thing?

Convinced? Now let’s go over some tips to make the green transition.

  • Go for it at your own pace. Start with the one thing you eat the most and substitute it with the vegan sort. Drastic changes could be challenging to sustain.
  • Begin in silence. More comfortable to develop a vegan diet if you can evade questions or inquiries from others.
  • Find a similar company. Once you begin your vegan diet, you’ll need someone to complain to about how many times every day you get questioned what food you get your protein from.
  • Don’t worry about getting enough nutrition. Green food sources have just as much nutritional value as animal sources, if not more. Substitute them while adhering to the same number of meals a day, and you should be fine.
  • You can still eat outside. Even fast-food spots are starting to offer vegan or fruity options on their menus.
  • Try different and exotic recipes. Whether you’re eating out or cooking at home, experiment. Try daring recipes and exotic fruits and vegetables. 

Celebs with Vegan lifestyles

Joaquin Phoenix

The Joker-film Oscar Winner Phoenix has been a vegetarian and then vegan nearly all his life, starting at age 3. He said he has a memory of being on a fishing trip with his family, and being shocked when they caught and killed the fish. When he asked, “Why didn’t you tell us that’s where meat came from?” And my mom didn’t know what to say. I feel like I have this memory of seeing her crying,” 

Benedict Cumberbatch

While promoting his latest Avengers film, Benedict revealed that his vegan diet is what kept him in action movie-worthy figure. He was even nominated as PETA’s Most Beautiful Vegan in 2018.

Peter Dinklage

The Game of Thrones and Narnia star has been vegetarian for countless years, and recently made the shift to veganism, according to Veganuary. When he has to eat on-screen for a GoT scene, he reportedly switches any meat products for tofu, and it’s very difficult for viewers to notice the difference.

Conclusion

So, think about this the next time you meet a vegan, instead of cross-examining and judging them, approve of them for trying to make the world a greener and more pleasant place.

And contemplate too about the variations you can make in your lifespan to be greener. If you aren’t ready to go vegetarian or vegan, that’s okay, but promise to eat less meat and to pick free-range beef.

Choosing only to eat naturally grown meat is the right way of doing this, and yes, it can be slightly more costly but palates just so significantly better, and even that change will make a difference to the quality of life for animals.

Lastly, think of the makeups you use, would you like to know that the flawless color of red lipstick or even your toothpaste was tried on a beagle, or a monkey or any other animal? It’s straightforward to think of the being that has lost its life to give you that food, so gives it the respect it deserves.

References:

Hydroponic Gardening For Beginners in 2023

 

From the discovery of fire, mankind made their place as the supreme being ever to walk on the face of the earth. Throughout history, they made many discoveries that helped them to survive and dominate over other creatures.

Some were destructive, just to gain control over the earth. But soon, mankind realized the necessity of preserving the earth. Because if there is no earth, there will no longer be a human to live. Thus modern science is working on maintaining the earth’s balance. They found ways and means to sustain this balance of nature. Hydroponics is one of them.

Although many think that the concept of hydroponics is new, it is not entirely so. Hydroponics is a fairly old method of growing trees without soil. Yes, soil is no longer needed to develop a tree.

In this article, we focus on discussing how a tree can grow without soil and hydroponics gardening methods. Soon, mankind may find a way to travel beyond this planet and a new home, and like the movie, ‘The Martian’ soil like earth may not be found in that new home. To make that world habitable, hydroponics might just be the way. also to make this world a more environment friendly home.

How Does Hydroponics Gardening Work?

The idea of hydroponics gardening is simply to grow plants without soil. Basically, hydroponics is a part of Hydroculture. So the question is, how can a tree stand without soil? The answer is mineral nutrient solutions. Soil is a kind of mineral nutrient solution itself. So why not replace it with another nutrient solution and see if it works! Well, it did. Although soil was replaced by other solutions, the same does not go for water; it is imperative.

                                                  Hydroponic drip system; epicgardening.comC:\Users\Apurbo\Desktop\drip-system.jpg

The terrestrial plants expose their roots inside the soil, to stand, and to gain nutrients. The area of soil inside which roots penetrate is called rhizosphere. The rhizosphere is a certain level of PH. Half of the work is done if the nutrient solutions that want to replace the soil have the same PH level. The rest depends on the species of the plant. Usually, some inert medium is required to maintain the nutrients, such as perlite (a specific volcanic glass that contains extra molecules of water) and gravels (rock fragments). Nutrient solutions also require manure, such as fish excrement, duck manure (organic sources), and other synthetic manures. Researchers have successfully grown a few generations of different kinds of plants, such as tomatoes, papers, onions, lettuce, marijuana, etc. The main benefit of hydroponics gardening is that it requires much less water to grow a plant than a conventional soil system. 

History of Hydroponics Gardening

As mentioned earlier, hydroponics is not a new concept. The first idea of growing plants without soil was given by a famous biologist Francis Bacon. His book ‘A Natural History’ published in 1627 mentioned that growing plants without soil could be a real deal. This started other scientists to look at the matter. Later latter history is described briefly below:

1699: John Woodward published his works on spearmint based on water culture. He said with less pure water; plants grow better.

1842: List of nine essential elements for plants were discovered by germen botanists Julius von Sachs and Wilhelm Knop.

1875: Some development in techniques in soilless cultures. Nutrient solutions were discovered.

1929: William Fredrick Gericke started promoting solution culture for agricultural purposes. He is the first person to call this method ‘Aquaculture’. Later he renamed it ‘Hydroponics’.

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William Fredrick Gericke; medium.com

1930: Hydroponics gardening was used to grow vegetables in Wake Island.

1398: Inspired by Gericke’s work, Dennis Robert Hoagland and Daniel Israel Arnon published ‘The Water Culture Method for Growing Plants Without Soil’ which claimed that hydroponic corps were no better than soil crops. 

1940: Gericke published ‘A Complete Guide for Soilless Gardening after leaving university job.

1960: Nutrient film technique was introduced by Allen Cooper in England, which was demonstrated in Walt Disney World’s EPCOT in 1982.

2000s: NASA developed Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS), where hydroponics is practiced in a system similar to the Martian atmosphere. 

2007: More than 200 million pounds of tomatoes were sold Eurofresh Farms grown hydroponically.

Present day: The global hydroponics market is going towards the growth of 724 million dollars by 2023.

Types of Hydroponics

Types of hydroponics mean the techniques of hydroponics gardening. Several hydroponics gardening techniques are available today. Each has its perks. Let us briefly discuss them.

Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)

Nutrient film technique is the latest technique for hydroponics. In this technique, plant nutrient solutions are pumped from a stock cabin into channels that usually hold different plants.

The channels are sloped to maintain a steady flow of nutrient solutions for the plants. This technique is ideal for plants with small root systems. It is one of the most used techniques in hydroponics gardening.

Deep Water Culture (DWC)

In this technique, plants are drowned to their roots in the nutrient solution. The bucket that contains the plants and solution is called the ‘Bubble Bucket’. Usually, plastic is preferable when making a bubble bucket. This system works better with large size plants because the plants get a strong base.

C:\Users\Apurbo\Desktop\A-floating-raft-deep-water-culture-system-is-one-of-the-simplest-ways-to-grow-hydroponically.jpg
Deep water culture hydroponic system; somegardeningtips.com

Wick Hydroponics

This the simplest technique used for hydroponics gardening because it does not use any electricity, pump, or aerators.

This is the only passive hydroponics technique because it uses no electricity. In this system, plants gain nutrition through ‘wick’ systems, where thin nylon threads are attached to plants roots.

The base of the plants is covered with coco coir, perlite, vermiculite, etc. despite being the only passive system, the wick system lacks efficiency. It is only used herbs like plants.

Ebb and Flow Systems

The Ebb and Flow system is also a flood and drain system. This is a very popular technique for home hydroponics gardening.

In this system, plats are placed in large nutrient bed which contains grow medium. The bed is flooded with nutrient solutions until a certain threshold point.

If the solution exceeds the threshold point, a drainage system automatically lowers the level. This is controlled by a time-controlled pump.

A more efficient variant of this system does not even require pumps. Instead, it uses valves to maintain the solution level.

This technique is excellent for almost any plant that can be grown in a hydroponic garden, including vegetables. But it captures more area than other systems.

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Ebb and flow hydroponic system; researchgate.net

Drip Hydroponics

This is a mobile system because it is easy to set up, use, and can withstand frequent changes.

This system allows a direct flow of nutrient solutions to the base of the plants. Drip emitters are attached to plant bases that control and adjust the flow to saturate the growing medium.

There are two variants available in these systems, circulating flow and non-circulating flow. This system is excellent for growing almost any plant.

Aeroponics

Aeroponics is a complicated system to build, but the concept is very simple. Here the plants are hanging in the air, and nutrient solutions are sprayed onto their roots.

The solutions are pumped towards mist novels that sprays the solution as mist. The rest of the solution falls back in the bubble bucket.

The system is similar to the DWC system but uses air as a growing medium instead of pebbles and perlites. The smaller the mist spray is, the more a plant can absorb them.  

C:\Users\Apurbo\Desktop\Aeroponic system.png
Aeroponics system; greenlitgrow.com

Mediums for Hydroponics Gardening

It is true that trees no longer need soil to grow, but they need a medium to absorb the nutrient solution. In this section, we will upholdsome popular mediums used in hydroponics.

Expanded Clay Aggregate

This medium is baked clay at around 1200 degrees Celsius or almost 2200 degrees of Fahrenheit. Then they are shaped to pallets, which are pH neutral and contains no nutrient value.

Growstones

Growstones are pebble-shaped, made from glass waste. They can sustain more air and water than perlites and peats. It is made of calcium carbonate and soda-lime glass.

Coconut Coir

Coconut coir is a natural byproduct of coconut. This coir absorbs a high level of nutrients in its life cycle.  So they must undergo a neutralization process to be used as a medium.

Rice Husk

Parboiled rice husks (PBH) are an agricultural byproduct that might otherwise have little use. They decay over time, and permit drainage, and even retain less water than grow stones. A study showed that rice husks didn’t affect the consequences of plant growth regulators.

Perlite

Perlite is a volcanic rock. These rocks are made by superheating and form as pebbles. It is commonly used to reduce soil density. Perlite has similar elementss and uses vermiculite but generally holds more air and less water and is buoyant.

Vermiculite

Like perlite, vermiculite may be a mineral that has been superheated until it’s expanded into light pebbles.

Vermiculite holds more water than perlite and features a natural “wicking” property, which will draw water and nutrients during a passive hydroponic system.

If an excessive amount of water and not enough air surrounds the plants’ roots, it’s possible to slowly lower the medium’s water-retention ability by mixing in increasing quantities of perlite.

Sand

Sand is cheap and easily available. However, it’s heavy, doesn’t contain water very well, and it must be sterilized between uses.

Due to sand being effortlessly available and in high demand, sand shortages are on our horizon as we are running out.

Polystyrene packing peanuts

Polystyrene packing peanuts are basically inexpensive, readily available, and have excellent drainage.

However, they will be too lightweight for a few uses. They are used mostly in closed-tube systems.

Note that non-biodegradable polystyrene peanuts must be used; biodegradable packing peanuts will decompose into sludge. Plants may absorb styrene and pass it to their consumers; this is often a possible health risk.

Gravel

The same type that’s utilized in aquariums, though any small gravel is often used, provided it’s washed first.

Indeed, plants growing during a representative traditional gravel filter bed, with water circulated using electric power head pumps, are, in effect, being grown using gravel hydroponics.

Gravel is inexpensive, easy to stay clean, drains well, and cannot become waterlogged. However, it is also heavy, and, if the system does not provide continuous water, the plant roots may dry out.

Nutrient Solutions

There are various standard nutrient solutions, like the Hoagland solution (1933), Steiner (1961), Bollard (1966), et al. These standard solutions are good as a general guideline but aren’t adapted to specific growing conditions.

Even if you opt to use one among the quality nutrient solution, confirm to use the nutrient concentration as a suggestion, and not the fertilizer recipe that corresponds to them.

The initial composition of the raw water you simply use will affect the nutrients that need to be added with fertilizers.

COMMON NUTRIENT RANGES IN HYDROPONIC NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS

ElementIonic form absorbed by plantsCommon range (ppm=mg/l)
NitrogenNitrate (NO3),
Ammonium (NH4+)
100-250 ppm elemental N
PhosphorusDihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4)
Phosphate (PO43-)
Monohydrogen phosphate (HPO42-)
30-50 ppm elemental P
PotassiumPotassium (K+)100-300 ppm
CalciumCalcium (Ca2+)80-140 ppm
MagnesiumMagnesium (Mg2+)30-70 ppm
SulfurSulfate (SO42-)50-120 ppm elemental S
IronFerrous ion (Fe2+)
Ferric ion (Fe3+)
1-5 ppm
CopperCopper (Cu2+)0.04-0.2 ppm
ManganeseManganese (Mn2+)0.5-1.0 ppm
ZincZinc (Zn2+)0.3-0.6 ppm
MolybdenumMolybdate (MoO42-)0.04-0.08 ppm
BoronBoric acid (H3BO3)
Borate (H2BO3)
0.2-0.5 ppm elemental B
ChlorideChloride (Cl)<75 ppm
SodiumSodium (Na+)<50 ppm TOXIC to plants
Suggested Nutrient Solutions for Various CropsCropNPKCaMgConcentration in mg/l (ppm)Tomato1904031015045Cucumber2004028014040Pepper1904528513040Strawberry50251506520Melon2004528511530Roses1704528512040

Hydroponic Gardening Systems

We have discussed various types of hydroponics gardening theories in a previous thread. Now we are going to talk about various systems that are built using those theories. Some of which can be made easily, and some can be bought

Indoor Herb Garden

This is one of the best automatic systems available for hydroponics gardening. It is designed for herb-like plants such as flowers or vegetables. Some of its key features are:

  • It is fitted with an intelligent electronic control technology which controls the supply of water and light to the plants automatically
  • It is flexible to any plant catagories since you can move it to any part of your house for different lighting
  • Simple to install and use

Stacky Smart Farm

This system is designed to grow fresh vegetables at home at any time of the year. This is also a self-watering automatic system. The system adopts stacks of subsystems to grow many plants in one system. Some of its other key features are:

  • It does not need monitoring once you have planted
  • It is easy to operate; you just put the base, plant, place timer, plug it in and hold back for the results
  • It comes with all its attachments like the adapters, digital timer, pump, and other things necessary to work.

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Stacky Smart Farm hydrophonic system; croplobby.com

Growmanji Solar Powered Hydroponic System DWC

This is a complete hydroponic system that is very popular these days. It adopts the DWC method and is solar-powered. So no extra spending on motors or batteries. Some other features are:

•    The solar is collapsible hence saves space

•    It is easy to assemble and use

•    It conserves space

•    The watering system is automatic

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Solar Powered Hydroponic System; jimmyinthegarden.com

AeroGarden System

This system is ideal for growing fresh food. The aeroponics method used in the system makes the plant mature than most other systems. Some other features are:

  • its plants mature five times faster than when grown in soil
  • It has an interactive touch screen as a control panel for automatic control of water and lights
  • It has a full spectrum of 45-watt LED light system
  • Click and Grow Smart System
  • Yet another year-round gardening system for your home. Click of a button can maintain all gardening process for you, so no supervision is required. Other key features are:

•    It has the right choice of pre-seeded plant capsules

•    It is effortless to install and maintain

Oxygen Pot System

This system is a bit more complex than most other systems. It is better to buy one than build. This system usually contains six pots for nutrient solutions. The system guarantees a steady oxygen supply for plants. Other features are:

  • It has a two by 251 GPH high flow hydroponic pump
  • It has a super-flow controller module for automatic watering and lighting notices
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Oxygen Pot System; theweedprof.com

Dream Joy Hydroponic System

Another LED light featuring a system that is very suitable for home as it uses very little space. This straightforward system comes with growing mediums. Other features are: 

  • It is straightforward to use with no need for soil
  • Three modes of Led light with time
  • Ideal for growers who want to produce health-giving food product

iRSE Indoor Garden

Another LED light features a very suitable system for home as it uses very little space. This straightforward system comes with growing mediums. Other features are: 

  • It is straightforward to use with no need for soil
  • Three modes of Led light with time
  • Ideal for growers who want to produce health-giving food product

Why Hydroponics

Hydroponics has provided us with a number of reasons why we should apply this technique of growing plants without soil.

Let us now check some of the key reasons why we should consider hydroponics over the conventional gardening method. 

  • Hydroponics saves a lot of space. You can literary turn your home to a garden using hydroponics to keep your back yard for other purposes.
  • Hydroponics makes your gardening effortless. Several hydroponic gardening systems offer automated supervision. So no watering the plants, no weeding out, and no maturing.
  • Hydroponic systems allow you to grow a variety of crops at one go. The most incredible thing about it; you do not have to provide separate supervision to maintain your plants.
  • Hydroponics offers a virtually unlimited upgrade to your garden. From a small house garden to large scale production, hydroponics is your best option.
  • Most hydroponic system is anti-pest. It means you have to worry about neither your plants’ health, nor for your family.
  • You can teach your children about plants and vegetables at home with hydroponic gardening. Moreover, it will inspire the future generation to maintain your legacy.
  • Finally, hydroponics offers you an exceptional gardening experience without spending too much. You will not have to buy an extra yard to grow your garden. 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroponics Gardens

Let us now look at some advantages and disadvantages of hydroponics gardening.

Advantages

  • No soil is required.
  • Uses less space and time
  • Maintains a fresh climate around the garden.
  • Saves water
  • Makes effective use of nutrients,
  • Better rate of growth for plants.
  • No complication of weed.
  • Less pest, less disease.
  • Plant it, forget it, enjoy it.
  • Let us now look at some disadvantages and challenges.

Disadvantages

  • Requires some advanced technical knowledge.
  • Raises issues of organic debate, are the fruits and vegetables edible nor not.
  • Use of electricity may bug some people.
  • Higher initial expense.
  • Cannot plant more giant trees or retain them. 
  • System failure risks are complicated to avoid.

Future Development of Hydroponics Gardening

Hydroponics is already considered as the future of farming. The existing systems and technologies are providing much efficiency.

But the world needs more. Some mentionable future techniques of hydroponics gardening are briefly discussed below.

SeaLeaf

This is a floating garden demonstrated by a group of students from The Imperial College of London.

Plants float on the nutrient solution like a buoy. As per the demonstration, this system can allow a herb plant 7 to 8 yards a year. This is one of the promising technologies available for the future.

Urban Sky Farm 

Perhaps a demonstration of this technology has already taken place. This tech will allow us to use the free upper space in urban areas to grow a farm.

The best thing about this technology is that plants will get more sun rays, which is required to make food for them, which later turns into crops.

Vertical Harvest Farm

This system is somewhat similar to the urban sky farm. But instead of using upper free space, vertical farms will use vertical spaces such as rooftops, balconies, etc.

This system is expected to use 90 percent less water than conventional gardening systems, making it one of the most promising techs for the future.

Arctic Harvester

This tech will allow us to grow plants in the icy region of the planet, or even outside of our planet.

This technology was demonstrated in 2013 in a scientific research competition and won first prize. Researches to make this technology available for ordinary people is still ongoing.

Aeroponic Vertical Garden

This technology uses the principles of vertical gardening systems but modified them to adopt aeroponics. This technology is already at a test phase in the Philippines. If tests are conducted correctly, this system will provide up to 95% less water consumption.

Answers to some frequently asked question

Here are some frequently asked questions about hydroponics on the internet and their answers.

Q:  How do You Choose the Right Hydroponic System?

A: Choosing the right system depends upon some key factors, which are:

  • Space availability
  • Lighting
  • Available finance
  • Time availability
  • Type of crop to be grown
  • Future expansion

You should compare each system with these criteria to see which system fits your needs.

Q: What Plants can you Grow Hydroponically?

A: Vegetables that will do well in a hydroponic garden include basil, parsley, string beans, green peppers, hot peppers, melons, squash, tomatoes, artichokes, beets, and asparagus. You can also have flowers such as roses, carnations, dianthus, and chrysanthemums.

Q: How often should I change my Hydroponic Reservoir?

A: The reservoir life mainly depends upon the plants. If your plants require a newer or extra reservoir, you may have to change them.

Q: How often to Feed Hydroponic Plants?

A: feeding of the hydroponic plants also depends on factors such as:

•    Age of the plant

•    Prevailing temperature

•    Humidity

•    Type of crop grown

•    Nature of medium

In most systems, you get an automated feeding system. If your system is homemade, take expert’s advice.

Q: Why is Hydroponics Expensive?

A: The cost of installing and maintaining a hydroponic system is one of its main disadvantages. Both the starting and operational costs are high compared to conventional gardening. The materials and equipment used are costly, and you must have them to operate the system well.

Some Tips and Tricks

Here are some tips and tricks that can help in hydroponic gardening.

  • Know what equipment you need and why
  • Use a professional three-part hydroponic nutrients products
  • Do not use additional nutrient additives your first time
  • Have all necessary equipment and nutrients before you start
  • Minimize light exposure to your nutrient solution
  • Change your water and nutrients when every two weeks are completed
  • Do not allow pets in your garden
  • Have an extra reservoir of plain water waiting for your next nutrient change
  • Control the temperature of your yard as precisely as possible.
  • When visitors come, confirm that they obey the same rules about your garden

Conclusion

The hydroponics gardening systems are gradually taking over conventional gardening methods.

Experts admit that hydroponics offers much more efficient with much less labor. The process provides the only solution to foods and breathable air if mankind is destined to extend its home to any other planet.

The ISS or international space station is also working on growing plants in the space. Scientists and organizations are working tirelessly to make hydroponics easier with more efficiency. In the near future we hope to maintain a better world through hydroponics with other green technologies, leave a better earth for future generations.

References

  1. www.fullbloomgreenhouse.com
  2. home.howstuffworks.com  
  3. www.epicgardening.com  
  4. www.greenandvibrant.com  
  5. www.nosoilsolutions.com 
  6. www.soilless.org 
  7. www.homehydrosystems.com 
  8. smartgardenguide.com 
  9. www.greenandvibrant.com 
  10. www.smart-fertilizer.com  
  11. www.urbangardensweb.com 
  12. www.entitymag.com 
  13. www.greenourplanet.org  
  14. www.dyna-gro.com 
  15. fabulousdecors.com
  16. www.gardenguides.com 

Application of Solar Energy in Daily Life for Home/ Resident: Maximizing Your Home’s Energy Efficiency with Solar Power

Energy from the sun generally can be categorized in two ways: one is from heat, and another is light. We use solar energy every day in various ways.

While we hang laundry outside to dry in the sun, we use solar heat to dry our clothes. Plants produce their food with the presence of sunlight. Animals and humans get food from plants. 

There is a variety of products in the world that use solar energy. These products are called solar devices (or appliances) or solar thermal collectors.

Solar thermal technologies use solar heat energy to heat water or air for water, space, and pool heating for homes and businesses. 

Let us look at the application of solar energy in daily life.

The widespread global success, a massive opportunity to reduce fossil fuel demand, and the application of solar energy in daily life are increasing. Evidence suggests our need for simple daily uses of solar energy is an excellent need nowadays.

Rational For Application of Solar Energy in Daily Life

The use of solar energy for daily life has several advantages. Energy-saving has been an elusive quest for many of us living in developed urban cities. We seem to need energy for every purpose in our household.

We live in this day and age, and energy is essential for modern living and convenience. There is a way to save energy and costs of energy by switching to solar.

We can use solar energy for every home and office aspect to perform daily tasks. The use of solar appliances is one of the best ways to cut the expenditure on energy.

Let us see the application of solar energy in daily life and how we can get benefit from them-

Application of Solar Energy in Daily Life For Home/ Resident

When we delve into solar energy’s residential uses, we are talking about the most basic uses of energy.

This includes watching television, heating, washing clothes, lighting the home, working from home on your laptop or computer, taking a shower, flushing the toilet, and cooking.

Residential uses of energy account for around 40 percent of total energy use globally. Imagine how much you manage to save by converting this into solar energy and translating this into annual energy saving per household?

Solar battery for charging your cellphone – In this modern era, the smartphone age takes over all of our needs, and we have to charge frequently our phones or tablet.

Despite what needs charging, there is a solar energy panel that you can accommodate for charging your device alone! But you need to ensure that your solar battery charger gets enough sunlight for service.

These battery chargers are they’re readily available nowadays- isn’t it a great thing? These chargers are becoming a trendy commodity without getting roof panels or investing a ton of money, as it’s a way for people to be more solar-friendly daily.

Depending on your budget and what type or quality you desire, these chargers can range from relatively cheap to higher-quality.

However, These solar-powered battery chargers would be your next step into the application of solar energy in daily life.

And, quite obviously, they’re also great because they work unbelievably. It’s always great to have a way to charge your cell phone efficiently. 

Solar Calculators – Nowadays, almost all calculators run off of solar energy or artificial light. It’s something that we all know and expect, and yet it’s not talked about enough. We seem to overlook what the features of calculators are.

With a closer look, you might find most calculators have tiny solar cells built into them at the top of the calculator.

These calculators consist of the distinct privilege of running off natural sunlight (and, therefore, being powered by solar energy) or using artificial lights inside homes and buildings to power themselves. Fluorescent and incandescent bulbs usually do the trick.

With their solar cells, these calculators are yet another way that you can bring solar energy into your daily life—sometimes without even knowing it.

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Solar Indoor Lighting-

A widespread and very efficient way people convert to using more environmentally-friendly energy is by changing their indoor lighting.

Now, there’s an effortless and common way to make this pertain to solar energy. LEDs (light-emitting diodes) make this possible with minimal reliance on power consumption.

The solar light CFL or LED is an environmentally friendly option to apply solar energy in daily life. These lights run on solar energy during the day and receive power from batteries at night.

To light up the rooms, these lights or sets of lights can be used indoors and in the garden area and pavement area around the entrance, passage area of the building, and parking.

Solar Cooking-Images Needed To Add

Some solar ovens and cookers are available. On sunny days, you can quickly cook outside without using your conventional methods like electricity or gas. It is considered cooking inside the box, which can be built yourself.

You would need a box, pan, aluminium foil, cooking bag, duct tape, Styrofoam, and a thermometer, and you have a solar cooking area ready.

Application of Solar Energy in Daily Life For Commercial

Commercial use of solar energy is basically what can be used for various purposes in the commercial sector.

This includes lighting commercial buildings and spaces, power used by companies and businesses throughout cities for computers, fax machines, workstations, and copiers.

The use of energy in the commercial space is similar to its use in the industrial area-

Application of Solar Energy in Daily Life For Outdoor 

Solar Outdoor lighting-Solar-powered outdoor lighting is becoming more common and is an excellent way to incorporate solar energy into their daily lives, a good application of solar energy in daily life.

Having outdoor lighting is one of the main things that people have in common, whether it’s solar energy powered or not.

People like having lights outside to light the path, especially if they know they’re coming home late.

Through these outdoor lights, you’re able to see where you’re going, notice your surroundings, and see your keys as you unlock your front door.

Solar Transportation– In many cities, trains, subways, buses, planes, and cars are transitioning to solar power.

About 28 percent of the United States’ annual energy consumption uses to transport people and goods. And 92 percent of the energy vehicles use comes from gasoline and diesel fuels.

Today, alternative types of vehicles are replacing traditional oil-burning models. Those are electric vehicles, hybrids, and vehicles that run on photovoltaic (PV) energy.

PV energy comes from the sun, the latest innovation transforming the renewable energy sector in the U.S. Recently, the first solar-powered aircraft crossed the Pacific Ocean as a testament to this energy source’s immense potential.

In daily life, solar-powered vehicles may finally join as general transit in a city near you. Solar vehicles have recently entered international racing competitions, gaining recognition and status in areas previously untouched.

Application of Solar Energy in Daily Life for Industry

Solar Pumping is generally another application of the solar photovoltaic system. There are basically two types of solar pumping systems: the DC solar Pumping system and the AC solar Pumping system.

DC solar pumping systems are small systems for domestic purposes, offices, and minor land irrigation up to two Acres.

These DC solar pumping systems are very reliable and cheaper. In this system, the pump motor is a DC motor.

One controller controls its operation, which is the MPPT controller responsible for the pump’s smooth operation without the need for batteries.

The maximum flow with DC systems can be up to 10,000 Gallons per day with a maximum head of 200ft

SOLAR POWER FOR TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Telecommunication networks are another complete application for solar photovoltaic from solar power.

For example, some renowned telecommunication industries have power supply from Diesel Generators in remote areas where no grid is available and have backup diesel generators where the grid is available.

The operational Expense of the power generator is very high. The best replacement for the diesel backup is clean energy like solar power.

These systems can be hybrid as solar and wind where the wind is available. Many telecom operators have installed solar systems worldwide, and they are very satisfied. Many are still planning for the purchase of solar power systems.

SOLAR POWER FOR REMOTE TERMINAL AND SURVEILLANCE UNITS

The parameters of oil and gas production and processing plants are controlled and monitored remotely through remote computerized terminal units. In surveillance systems, mainly the monitoring is remote, and solar power application in this area is very reliable and cost-effective.

Application of Solar Energy in Agriculture

Farmers are at the center of global warming; since the rise in temperature affects climate change, it affects agricultural produce.

The world population is continuously increasing daily, and the demand for food products is witnessing a significant upgrade.

Using solar power can help us to tackle climate change and help us fight the problem effectively.

Solar Power Controlling Daily Activities

Solar energy possesses a massive potential for solar irrigation and can pump water for livestock and crops.

There is an innovative design or renovate buildings to trap the heat available in daylight. The trapped heat can be used for warming homes and livestock yards. 

There are some livestock needs a continuous supply of fresh air. Some systems can run coolers and other such boxes and avoid electricity bills.

This is the most cost-effective approach to create the building’s structure to optimize its effectively receiving sunlight. 

Solar water heaters provide hot water for cattle cleaning and pen cleaning. Dairy operations use hot solar water to warm and stimulate cow’s udders.

The sunlight can be used for electricity generation to power homes and agricultural houses.

Solar Energy to Dry Crops and Grains

A significant percentage of agricultural produce is spoilt during traditional open-air drying.

Using the solar drying method can help dry crops faster and at an even rate in the open field with the added advantage of protection from birds, insects, and worms. 

Easily perishable crops are often challenging to dry. Most of the portion ends up getting spoiled; with solar drying, you can quickly dry these crops and enable longer storage times and more comfortable transportation.

This will remarkably decrease the number of spoiled crops and contribute to increasing farmer’s income. 

You will find various types of solar dryers, such as direct drying (solar box dryer), indirect drying (solar cabinet dryer), mixed-mode drying (solar tunnel dryer), or hybrid drying (hybrid solar/biomass cabinet dryer).  

Typically, a solar drying apparatus consists of a shed, a drying rack, and a solar collector. The shed traps the solar heat from the south-facing window, and natural convection or a solar fan propels the heat. 

If your farm already has a crop dryer in place, replacing the conventional fuel powering the apparatus with solar energy makes sense. You would be able to save fuel and money by this method.

Practical Usage of Greenhouse Heating

Greenhouses typically use solar energy to carry out the prescribed function, and it needs to be regulated with gas and oil to maintain a constant temperature.

You can adopt several methods to increase the efficiency of your greenhouse, but using a heat sink is commonly optioned by farmers. 

The easiest and opted-out method to regulate your greenhouse temperature is to use a thermal mass called a heat sink.

A thermal mass is any material that absorbs energy and stores it for using it later, and water is one such example. Solar heat trapped in the water can be used to regulate the temperature.

Using Solar Photovoltaics in Agriculture

Sunlight can also generate electricity using PV solar panels, which is often a cost-friendly approach than conventional methods of producing electricity, especially to a remote location where they can set up power transmission lines. They have no such moving parts and are easier to maintain than diesel fuels. 

PV generally can be applied to a wide range of applications; the most important include irrigation, refrigeration of agricultural products, electric fencing, milling of grains, poultry lighting, etc.

Although the solar PV system application is limited to apparatus with smaller energy inputs, it will integrate you to cut your dependency on electricity. In addition, the cost of the PV systems is projected to decline over time.

Application of solar energy in Education

Let’s find out Why Schools Should Go Solar – Application of solar energy in Education. Installing solar energy enables a school to run on clean energy while also combating greenhouse gas emissions and global warming.

Besides, an on-site solar installation reduces dependence on outsourced fossil fuels and promotes renewable energy use in the surrounding area.

The use of renewable energy helps not only your school but the contiguous neighbourhood as well.

Installing solar enables your school to run on clean energy while at the same time combatting greenhouse gas emissions and global warming.

Besides, an on-site solar installation reduces dependence on outsourced fossil fuels and promotes renewable energy use in the surrounding area. 

Many schools’ large, flat roofs are unbelievably untapped resources for renewable energy. Given the upsides—the significant potential for cost savings, the opportunity for an educational tool for the students, and the chance to make a great potential of positive environmental impact—every American school should consider it.

Application of solar energy in Recreation

When you think of the perfect holiday and want to explore the beautiful natural? The caravan is the best way where getting enough power for your caravan can be an issue.

Running a generator can be very expensive, noisy, and smelly. Not so good for our environment. Solar power has been followed in architectural and construction circles. People are flocking to the idea as it promises greener energy and potential cost savings.

Solar Sailing Boat

Another environmentally friendly solution for our Energy Needs is Solar Sailing Boat

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Solar power is rapidly becoming the most popular and economical method of keeping the batteries charged on a boat.

The efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, and charge controllers is improving every day.

Moreover, the latest technology in regulators and charge controllers has brought about a notable increase in useable power output, so the difficulties of shading and non-alignment can be compensated for more comfortably.

Not only has PV equipment become more efficient and cost-effective, but so many of the modern devices we use on a boat have become less power-hungry.

Sailing is already relatively clean, but the solar sailing package dramatically reduces the other environmental footprint.

While stewards of the ocean, solar sailing is a meaningful opportunity to eliminate fumes from getting in the way of enjoying the natural beauty, make fuel spills a vestige of the past, and banish greenhouse gases that intensify climate change and ocean acidification.

Three (3) Creative & Cool Applications of Solar Energy in daily life

When we think of “solar power,” we imagine solar panels bolted to rooftops or shimmering solar farms in the desert. Nevertheless, announcements of advances in solar energy technologies are made regularly.

For example, scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have fabricated a solar cell that can generate solar conversion efficiency as high as 47.1 percent.

Solar cells continue to be fabricated with new and improved materials, such as perovskite and organic semiconductors.

These and other discoveries enable an increasing number of creative solar energy applications, seven of which are listed below.

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You will be amazed to know that small, flexible solar panels can now be stitched into clothing fabric.

Solar filaments embedded into shirts, winter coats, and other clothing types keep you warmer, power your phone, or provide energy for different portable electronic needs.

Other applications include lighting up building facades, awnings, and curtains or powering heated car seats.

ii. Solar Skins

“Solar skin” is a novel solar technology which is created by the MIT-spin-off Sistine Solar that integrates custom designs into the solar panel systems; it is an aesthetic overlay that transforms any solar panel’s look by using imprinted custom images.

This innovative technology uses selective light filtration to simultaneously display a vibrant image and then transmit sunlight to the underlying solar panel with minimum loss inefficiency. Images can be customized to display advertisements and business logos.

iii. Solar at Night

Without proper sunlight, solar panels cannot generate electricity at night time. However, California University’s scientists have created a new type of solar panel; these Anti-Solar Panels can produce clean the energy at night by capturing infrared light generated by the thermal gradient between the solar cell and the atmosphere.

Although the nighttime solar panel only makes almost 25 per cent of the energy a regular solar panel produces during the day, a significant amount of extra energy is stored or added to the power grid. 

Cool Applications of Solar Energy in daily life

Watches 

It is time to get over with the dead, disposable watch batteries. Solar-powered watches require no battery replacements, and they can power up from almost any light source. They can run for months without any recharging.

So let’s switch to Solar-powered watches, and you’ll never have to replace a battery again.

Solar window

Basically, a solar window is a built-in photovoltaic functionality window, which means that it can convert light from the sun into electric energy.

Solar Keyboard

D:\170214 _iDEAtedlab_EcoWowLife\01 iDEAtedlab_EcoWowLife\02 Article_ideatedLab_EcoWowLife\01 Article_EcoWowLife_AM\210214 AM_08_Application of solar energy in daily life\210214 AM_08_Application of solar energy in daily life_images\81WCvhIanvL._SL1500_.jpg Yep, this is a simple thing. This solar-powered keyboard is absolutely perfect for those with a lamp or intense light by their desk. This keyboard doesn’t use batteries or electricity for powering your mad typing skills; instead, it uses light!

Suppose you can’t manage a light near your desk, no worries. You can quickly charge it up outdoors or indoors under a light, so it’s ready to use for the next working days. Make a minor solar tweak to your office space to make a big difference in the office environment.

Solar Bag- SOLAR BAG IS THE KEY TO YOUR handy Outing

If you hate electricity bills or have to look for plug-points and love backpacks, the Solar backpack may be the best backpack for you.

With a weatherproof solar panel integrated into it, just being outdoors is enough to generate electricity! 

A Solar backpack is basically a backpack equipped with thin-film solar cells and batteries. The solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, store in batteries, and that can also be used to power portable electronic appliances like mobile phones and mp3 players.

There is a huge demand for cheaper, more sustainable energy, which means that solar energy companies will continue to find approaches to improve solar cell technologies and lengthen battery life.

Advanced and improved solar power and storage technologies will also expand design opportunities for smaller and more powerful solar cells, which can be used in more creative and innovative ways to improve life quality & better application of solar energy in daily life.

Latest Solar technology Future prospect

Satellites in Orbit

You might know that without clouds or air to reduce sunlight, 1,300 watts of energy per square meter arrive from the sun in space.

Satellites use solar cells for converting sunlight into electrical energy, powering sophisticated onboard radio and computer equipment that affects your daily life through satellite television, radio, and weather forecasting.

As they are expensive to launch, operate hundreds of miles above the Earth, and are very difficult to maintain, satellites need a reliable power source, where photovoltaic cells provide it for almost 20 years.

Crisis of application of solar energy in your daily life/ BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES

The barriers in the growth of solar energy applications are; high upfront costs because of heavy taxes and duties, Lack of customer awareness, Lack of designing and installation Skills, Lack of Subsidy and bank financing, and Lack of promotion and will at the Government Level, Lack of FIT (Feed-in Tariff Policy), Lack of Grid Interconnection Policy, high Payback ranging from 10 to 13 years, etc.

Concluding thoughts

As we all know, the environment is severely damaged for several human-centric reasons. Climate change is a severe issue.

Solar energy is also an excellent way to protect our living and space. Solar energy is solar power derived from sunlight using solar panels.

It is just one of the latest innovative initiatives that the “Going Green” movement has revealed to build up for maintaining renewable and sustainable power sources.

By reading this article, there are many ways you can incorporate solar energy in your daily life.

By charging your cell phone’s battery, using your trusty calculator, lighting up your house, or lighting up the outside of your home for almost zero cost, the application of solar energy in your daily life is a small yet incredibly efficient way.

14. Reference:

  1. https://www.solaralliance.org/uses-of-solar-energy-in-daily-life/
  2. https://schooltutoring.com/help/solar-energy-and-its-applications/
  3. https://t2conline.com/uses-of-solar-energy-in-our-daily-lives/
  4. https://solartechnologies.com/solar-energy-uses-in-your-daily-life/
  5. https://www.eartheclipse.com/solar/everyday-uses-solar-energy.html
  6. https://www.altenergymag.com/article/2012/03/solar-energy-applications-in-industrial-and-commercial-sectors-in-pakistan-and-barrriers-in-its-grow/1035/
  7. https://saniconenergysolutions.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/solar-battery-for-phone.jpg
  8. https://www.allbrandcs.com.au/a-beginners-guide-to-choosing-the-right-caravan-solar-panels/
  9. https://www.yachtingmonthly.com/gear/sailing-with-solar-power-a-practical-guide-74678
  10. https://www.sailorsforthesea.org/blog/solar-sailing
  11. https://chariotenergy.com/blog/best-everyday-solar-products/
  12. https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/7-creative-applications-of-solar-energy

How To Calculate How Much Power You Need From a Solar Generator?

Solar-powered generators enable us to live an eco-friendly life without adjusting or limiting our power needs. 

A solar generator provides clean energy with its quiet operation without any hazardous gases/fumes. 

You don’t need to place your solar generator several feet away from the house to prevent noise & air pollution, unlike fuel-powered generators. 

The portable and USB charging provision of solar generators allows you to take it camping, hiking or boating as well. 

An all-in-one solar generator includes the batteries, inverter, charge controller, etc., covered in a rugged water-resistant cover along with the lightweight solar photovoltaic (PV) cells.   

 A solar generator has plenty of room to charge your cell phones, cameras, drones, and other gear when you’re out on a picnic.  

If you want to power heavy AC devices, coffee makers, etc. daily you may want to know precisely how to calculate how much power you need from a solar generator.

What size solar generator do I need for my requirement?

The advancements in the solar generator industry have been phenomenal in the last few years. Solar generators have been dominating the renewable energy industry due to their mobility and adaptability.

The improvements in capacity and expandability made the usage of solar generators much more convenient. 

Solar generators are a great option for charging portable devices like smartphones or if you want to run a big item such as the coffee maker from time to time. 

  • You may as well power up a water pump, hairdryer, tv, light, fan, etc.
  • You can run kitchen items such as the microwave, and fridge. 
  • And essential devices such as the fridge. 

However, you may still need to properly size your solar generator unit for a balanced system of design. 

Only a few solar generator units can power several appliances simultaneously. 

After buying a solar generator, you will be disappointed only to find out that the unit can’t operate an air-conditioner or any other appliance of your choice. 

If you want to power the boiler, electric furnaces, etc. during an emergency, a portable solar generator may not suffice it as they consume a lot of energy. 

The solar backup generators comprise several batteries to charge up the above-mentioned devices comfortably.  

Since the solar generators can only run electronic devices for a specific no. of hours/day, you must know what you want to power with your solar backup generator. 

What appliances can run on solar power generator?

Let’s say, the power rating of a refrigerator is 1000 kwh/year. 

The running watts/hour gives a proper idea of whether a solar generator can operate it or not. 

Running watts/hour

= 1000 x 1000 Watt-hour/year

= 1000000 / (365 x 24) Watt-hour/day

= 114 Watt-hour/day

You can thus precisely calculate how much power you need from a solar generator.

How do I calculate how much solar power I need from a solar generator?

So here goes a simple guide to calculating your solar power needs.

A simple guide on how to calculate how much power you need from a solar generator:

The very first step in calculating the power you need from a solar generator is to know how much energy (watts/day) you want to use regularly. 

Calculate the power requirements/day (in watts) by totalling the multiplication of running watts and running hours for all your appliances. 

Energy demand chart: 

AppliancesRunning WattsRunning hours/dayRunning watts x Running hours/day
1. Refrigerator100 (Surge watts660)242,400
2. Rice cooker200 (Surge watts 500)0.1 (10 minutes)20
3. Light bulb7510750
Total = 3,170 Watt-hours / day
  • Power consumption of electronic appliances such as freezers, coffee makers, etc., varies with how and when they are operated. 

Surge wattage is a device’s peak power for a few seconds to start the motor. 

The power rating of a refrigerator maybe 660 watts/hour for example. 

But it is the highest power consumption (when the door is open). 

Assuming, 

  • the highest power consumption occurs for 6 minutes (6 / 60 = 0.10 hours) in an hour and 
  • the rest of the hour (54 minutes i.e., 54/60=0.9 hours), it consumes maybe 100 watts only. 

So, the running watts for a refrigerator in an hour

= 660 x 0.1 + 100 x 0.9 Watts 

=156 Watts, which is 25% of the rated power (660)

So, take 20-25 % of the rated power (the highest power that it consumes) for the required energy demand/hour for such an electronic appliance.

How to calculate number of solar panels required? 

You must follow a few steps to precisely calculate how much solar power you require from a solar generator. 

It necessitates you to consider a few variables as well. For instance

  • The efficiency of your solar panel 
  • Positioning of the solar panel generator
  • Recharging time 

Watt-hours / day of a solar generator unit depends on the efficacy of the solar cell and the hours of sunlight it gets. 

Let’s say,

  • A solar generator unit comprises four 300-watt solar panels.

But a 300-watt solar generator can generate 300 watts only during the standard testing conditions unless the ideal conditions are met.   

  • The sunlight hour (average) of a particular geographical location be 6 hours

But peak sunlight hours can be much less than the average sunlight hours (around 3-4 hours). Only during this hour, 1000 watts of sunlight per square meter hits the solar cells.

  • And the solar generator battery will go out of capacity if the recharging time of the battery is longer than the average sunlight hours. 

If any device is being used while recharging or the solar generator unit has a PWM charge controller, then it’ll take few more hours to fully recharge the battery. 

An MPPT (maximum power point tracking) charge controller recharges the solar generator unit more efficiently than the PWM (pulse width modulation) charge controllers.  

Considering the above variables, the output (watt-hours / day) of a solar generator unit maybe 60-70% of the theoretical value. 

Solar generator output 

= wattage of solar cells x Sunlight hour (average) x 60%

= 4 x 300 x 6 x 60 /100

= 4,320 watt-hours / day

= 4.320 kwh / day

How to calculate solar panel battery and inverter requirements for my solar generator?

  • During the winter or rainy season, you may get insufficient solar energy. 

If you want a solar generator as a backup in your home, you need to figure out how much should be the capacity of the solar generator battery. 

Accounting for the inconsistency of solar energy, you may want to store 2x the energy demand in your rechargeable batteries.

Total Watt-hours / day from the energy demand chart = 3,170

3,170 (Watt-hours / day) x 2 = 6,340 Watt-hours 

So, you need to store 6,340 watt-hours (6.34 kwh) 

  • to supply electricity on demand or 
  • for emergency preparedness. 

Solar generator batteries are rated at ampere-hours (AH), and most run at 12 Volts. 

Then, the watt-hours for four 125 AH batteries will be

= 4 x 125 AH x 12 V 

= 6000 WH

= 6 kwh

Then again, you should not overcharge the battery as it deteriorates the quality of a solar generator battery. 

Find a solar generator unit that enables the interruption with its regulator (charge controller) when the battery is overcharged.

  • In an emergency scenario during a power outage, it is not feasible often to keep powering devices such as the freezer or fridge.

To run the appliances, a solar generator inverter converts the Direct Current (DC) from the battery to Alternative Current (AC). 

The inverter rating indicates the highest wattage it can withdraw i.e., it suggests whether the solar generator unit can run an electronic appliance or not.

Conclusion

If it necessitates you to live off-grid suddenly due to an overwhelming power outage, it’ll cause a huge setback in the powered-up lives.  

Since the fuel-powered generators emit fumes and cause huge sound pollution, they are unsuitable for indoor uses. The solar generators on the contrary, effectively and silently power up phones, laptops, and other essential devices causing no concern of refueling.  

You don’t have to worry about the recharging options as well. There are many solar generator units that you can charge with a conventional wall outlet (home AC) or car adapter (12 volts) along with the traditional solar cells. 

You have to be a bit cautious only for calculating the power need for your solar generator so you can stay powered up and be protected in crucial moments. In this article, we’ve tried to explain exactly how to calculate how much power you need from a solar generator. The list of things to do to get to the formula is as follows. 

Summary: Solar power calculation formula

  • Go through the power ratings and convert to running watts/hour 
  • Estimate the wattage of the electronic appliances/day
  • Take into account the recharging time, weather conditions, and other variables

To figure out the watt-hours of solar power generator to meet your needs, multiply the running watts/hour of your electronic appliances by the running hours/day and add them up. 

And, 

Solar generator output 

= wattage of solar cells x Sunlight hour (average) x (60-80) %

Easy&Hefty Ways To Calculate Solar Panel Wattage!”How To Calculate Solar Panel Wattage?-Easy Formula.

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Popularity of renewables is growing globally. Eventually, solar energy has become a favorable option for electrification of homes and commercial establishments. 

However, estimating the necessary amount of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels against specific energy needs may be challenging. 

You can consider wattage of a solar panel as its energy output. In this article, we will explore how to calculate solar panel wattage. 

And we will shed light on the factors: the determinants of wattage and the importance of accurate wattage calculations in designing a solar panel system. 

By the end of this article, you can have a clear idea about determining the wattage of a desired solar panel and how to design this. 

With Calculating solar panel wattage you need to know Solar power requirements which will help you to understand the entire process of this. 

What is solar panel wattage? 

Solar panel wattage refers to a rating of power that a solar panel can generate under standard test conditions. This is typically expressed in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW), and represents the maximum power output of the panel.

Solar panel wattage is determined by the number of solar cells that the panel has, as well as the efficiency of those cells in converting sunlight into electricity. The higher the wattage rating of a solar panel, the greater amount of electricity it can generate for your home or business.

What is solar panel wattage

Apart from considering wattage, selection of a solar panel system also requires cross-checking its efficiency, durability, temperature coefficient range and degradation rate. 

Before selecting the appropriate solar panel for your use, carefully calculate your energy needs and what available space you have  for the solar installation.

How Much Energy Does a Solar Panel Produce?

A solar panel’s output depends on several factors including its size, efficiency, and the amount of sunlight it receives. 

We already know what watt is. Let’s see what watt-peak or Wp means. Wp stands for peak power or the maximum output achieved by a PV panel under full solar radiation.

On an average, a standard domestic solar panel with a wattage rating of 250 to 300 Wp can produce around 1.5-2 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity if it receives around 5 hours of sunlight a day. 

How Much Energy Does a Solar Panel Produce

However, the actual energy production of a solar panel can vary depending on factors include:

Location and orientation of the panel: South-facing panels installed in areas with more sunlight will produce more energy than those installed otherwise.

Seasonal and weather conditions: Panels will produce more energy in the summer and on clear and sunny days than in the winter or on cloudy days.

Temperature: Solar panels are less efficient at high temperatures. So energy production may reduce on very hot days.

Angle of the panel: Panels installed at an optimal angle will produce more energy than those installed otherwise.

Type and standard of the solar panel: Higher efficiency panels will produce more energy than a lower efficient one using the same amount of sunlight.

This is to be noted that a solar panel’s energy production doesn’t remain constant throughout the day and the year. However, maximization of production can be possible by understanding the influencing factors and selection of quality as well as suitable panels.

HOW TO WORK OUT WATTS, AMPS AND VOLTS

Watts (W), amps (A), and volts (V) are units of measurement that are commonly used to understand the electronic components of a device or a system. 

Understanding these units is a prerequisite to design and maintain an electronic system. Here’s how to work out watts, amps, and volts:

Watt: Watt is a unit of measuring the used or produced power. To devise watts, you can multiply the voltage (V) by the amperage (A), using the following formula:

Watts = Volts x Amps

For example, if you have a device that runs on 12 volts and draws 2 amps of current, the power output would be:

Watts = 12V x 2A = 24W

Amp: Amp is the flow of electrical charge in a circuit. To devise amps, you can divide the power (watt) by the voltage (V), using the following formula:

Amps = Watts / Volts

For example, if you have a device that produces 60 watts of power from a 12-volt battery, the current flown by the device would be:

Amps = 60W / 12V = 5A

Volt: Volt is a measurement of electrical potential difference, which is the force that drives electrical current through a circuit. To work out volts, you can divide the power (watt) by the current (A), using the following formula:

Volts = Watts / Amps

For example, if you have a device that draws 10 amps of current and produces 120 watts of power, the voltage required by the device would be:

Volts = 120W / 10A = 12V

Understanding of watts, amps, and volts can help you calculate the power requirements and necessary electronic components of a device or system, and ensure that it operates safely and efficiently.

What are the Importance of calculating solar panel wattage

Estimating solar panel wattage is the crucial step for designing and installing a solar power system. Because:

To determine the number of panels: It helps determine the number of solar panels needed. You can estimate the required number of solar panels if you carefully calculate the wattage of each solar panel and the energy needs for your home or business.

To determine the size of a system: The wattage of your solar panels is a key factor in determining the size of your solar system. By calculating the wattage, you can determine the size of your inverter and other components necessary for a functional system.

To minimize the cost of a system: The wattage of solar panels is also a factor in estimating the costs of the solar system. Higher wattage solar panels generally cost more, but they also produce more power. Hence, it is important to fix the balance between cost and performance.

To increase efficiency of a system: The wattage of your solar panels influences the efficiency of the system. Higher wattage solar panels can generate more energy per square foot. If you have limited roof space for an installation, you must consider this issue. 

To estimate energy production properly: Knowing the wattage of your solar panels can help you estimate how much energy your solar power system will produce. This is important for estimating potential energy savings and the return on your investment.

Incredible Methods for calculating solar panel wattage

There are several methods of calculating solar panel wattage, including:

Datasheet: The manufacturer’s datasheet for the solar panel will typically provide information on the panel’s maximum power output in watts (W).

Measuring voltage and current: By measuring the voltage and current output of the solar panel,

You can calculate the wattage using the formula W = V x A, where W is wattage, V is voltage, and A is current.

Solar power calculator: There are various solar power calculators available online. Using these, you can calculate the wattage of your expected solar panels upon the energy needs and other factors such as location and weather conditions.

Solar simulation software: More advanced solar simulation software can also be used to calculate solar panel wattage, taking into account a range of factors including shading, orientation and tilt angle of the panels.

Incredible Methods for calculating solar panel wattage

Each method has its own advantages and limitations. Hence, it is important to choose the method that is most appropriate for your situation and provides the most accurate results.

Proven Tips for accurately calculating solar panel wattage

To design and install a solar power system as per the energy needs, accurate calculation of solar panel wattage is important. Here are some tips for accurate calculations:

Proven Tips for accurately calculating solar panel wattage

Use the same standard test conditions: While comparing solar panels, it is important to apply the same standard test conditions (STC) to ensure accurate differentiation. The STC typically includes a solar irradiance of 1,000 W/m², a cell temperature of 25°C, and a spectral distribution of AM 1.5.

Understanding potential loss: Solar panel wattage is typically measured under ideal conditions. So, it is important to foresee potential losses that could happen in real-world conditions. 

This includes factors such as shading, temperature, and system inefficiencies.

Use accurate measurements: When measuring voltage and current output, it is important to use proper equipment as well as taking multiple measurements to ensure accuracy.

Consider the degradation rate: Over time, solar panels could experience a gradual decline in performance, known as degradation. It is important to consider the degradation rate of the solar panels while calculating their expected lifespan and energy production.

Consult with a professional: If you are confused about the solar panel wattage calculation procedures, taking professional consultation will be the best idea. A professional solar system installer can provide expert opinion and recommendations.

By following these tips, you can ensure accurate calculations before selecting and installing solar panels for your home or business.

Checking the specifications of the solar panel: When it comes to choosing a solar panel, it is important to carefully consider its specifications. 

The specifications of a solar panel provide critical information about its performance and suitability for different applications. Here are some key specifications to evaluate solar panels:

Wattage: This refers to the amount of power a solar panel can produce under ideal conditions. The higher the wattage, the more electricity the panel can generate. 

In the solar panel selection process, you should first consider your energy needs and then choose a panel with an appropriate wattage.

Efficiency: This measures how effectively the solar panel converts sunlight into electricity. Higher efficiency panels will generate more electricity with the same amount of sunlight. 

However, higher efficiency panels are typically more expensive. So, you should weigh the cost versus the energy efficiency.

Dimensions: The physical size of the solar panel is also important to consider, especially when you have limited space for the installation. Make sure a proper measurement of the planned site for the installation and choose a panel that will fit there conveniently.

Durability: Solar panels are exposed to the environment. So, it is important to choose a panel that can withstand the extraordinary weather conditions. 

Choose the panels that are made with durable materials and are tested to meet industry standards for durability.

Warranty: A solar panel will be a long-term investment. So, it is important to choose a panel that comes with a strong warranty. The warranty should cover defects in materials and repairing services, as well as any issues that will arise with the panel’s performance.

Temperature coefficient: This specification indicates how well the panel performs at changing temperatures. Panels with a lower temperature coefficient will perform better in hotter temperatures, which is important in regions with high temperatures.

By carefully checking the specifications of solar panels, you can choose a panel that meets your energy needs and provides reliable performance for years to come.

FAQs

What size solar panel do I need to charge a 100AH battery?

To charge a 100Ah battery, you need a solar panel with a wattage rating of at least 100 watts.

What size solar panel will charge a 120AH battery?

To charge a 120Ah battery, you need a solar panel with a wattage rating of at least 120 watts.

Which solar panel size to charge a 200AH battery?

To charge a 200Ah battery, you need a solar panel with a wattage rating of at least 200 watts.

How do I calculate solar panel watts?

To calculate solar panel watts, multiply the voltage and amperage of the panel. Watts = Volts x Amps.

How many watts does a 300 watt solar panel produce?

A 300 watt solar panel can produce up to 300 watts of power under ideal conditions.

How do I calculate how much solar power I need?

To calculate how much solar power you need, determine your daily electricity usage, and multiply it by the number of hours of sunlight in your area.

How many watts will a 100 watt solar panel produce?

A 100 watt solar panel can produce up to 100 watts of power under ideal conditions.

Conclusion

Calculating solar panel wattage involves multiplying the voltage and amperage of the panel. By this, you will get an idea about the maximum power output of the solar panel under ideal conditions. 

However, you should keep in mind that actual power output can vary based on factors such as weather conditions, shading, and panel’s efficiency. 

Additionally, you should consider your daily electricity usage and the duration of sunlight in your area while determining the size of the desired solar panel. 

This is important to ensure the highest productivity of your solar panel. I hope you got the point of How to Calculate solar panel wattage.

Solar Teach With Fun!! Easy To Learn How Do Solar Cells Work For Kids?

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Have you ever wondered how the bright yellow panels on your neighbour’s roof can power their entire house?

Or how can those panels convert the sun’s energy into electricity? Well, the secret lies in solar cells! But do you know How Do Solar Cells Work For Kids?

Solar cells are small devices that convert sunlight into electricity. They’re made of silicon and other materials that create a flow of electrons when exposed to light.

This flow of electrons generates electricity that can be used to power homes and businesses.

Curious to learn more about this amazing technology? Join us as we explore the science behind solar cells and how they work for kids.

With simple and easy-to-understand explanations, we’ll help you discover the fascinating world of renewable energy. As Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman once said, “The solar cell is a work of magic. It’s a little piece of the sun.

Let’s dive into the main topic and understand the process of how do solar cells work for kids.

Solar cells in the recreation industry

Solar cells convert sunlight into energy that performs different household and industrial work.

Like conventional energy, it can light bulbs and run electric fans. But before implementation, it was hard to believe that solar power could also enter the recreation industry.

But, yes, it’s doing it successfully, which is a successful upgrade of renewable energy usage

In the recreation industry, solar power takes shape in various ways, like: 

  • Solar toys
  • Solar educational kits
  • Science learning by solar examples
  • Energy and climate awareness by using solar equipment

Well, this list isn’t over; only some instances of solar power that have been working in the recreational sectors of today’s world. More possibilities for solar energy for kids have been visible in recent times. 

Solar cells in toys

Commonly, a simple solar toy uses a solar cell to convert the sunlight into energy that runs the toy’s circuit.

Children could have the elementary idea of renewable energy during playing with such a game kit. It’s like amusement with learning. 

Here are some instances of solar toys which are astounding:

Model solar home: This toy helps kids imagine making their own home through playing. Children have god-gifted inventiveness, and making things in gaming moods escalates their creativity.

Toy solar panels, cardboard, electric wire, a small motor or led light, and glue are the elements to form such a model home for kids. Creativity with pleasure is a conspicuous feature of this toy. 

Solar toy cars: Although solar cells are not an inevitable part of vehicles still now, they could appear as a new way for automobiles to reduce pollution in the future.

A toy car is a creative plaything for kids to understand the mechanism with imagination and fun.

2 tiny solar cells, 2 to 4 alligator clip leads, rubber bands, a small electric motor, cardboard, toy wheels or bottle caps, wooden skewers, and straws are the building blocks for a solar toy car. 

Solar-run oven: Yes, it’s possible, although unbelievable. Kids can use solar energy for funny experiments like making some meals for themselves.

Learning some lessons and having fun could raise new insights by providing creative outlooks.

A kid would need a meal box, knife or scissor, Aluminum foil, tape, plastic wrap, black sugar paper, newspaper, spoon, and a thermometer. While making this, sharing an adult person’s help will be better. 

Solar cells in child education

As an autonomous learning process, the education process needs to update its methods, application, and understandings.

Recent renovations of technology have made it possible to open new prospects in child education. Lately, solar cells have appeared in diverse kits as child education. 

Here are some samples that would help explore the features of the education-helping kits for children. 

Solar car kit: Kids would plan their car through playing. Manufacturers used recycled materials to construct this kit.

It contains a 2.5W 3Vmini solar panel, a mini DC motor, frame of a vehicle, rubber wheels, and an installation guide. An excellent way to learn elementary technology with fun. 

Basic educational solar kit: Being very popular in Singapore Science Center, it has become an exceptional medium for child education.

It has a 1.2W 2V mini solar panel, a small DC motor, cables with alligator clips, rubber wheels, gears, and an instruction guide.

It’s helpful and relatively easy. As an introduction to learning solar cells, it’s nothing but perfect. 

Solar water pump kit: As a basic solar learning kit, it lets the kids learn the elementary methods of the solar cell working process.

It contains a 1.2W 2V mini solar panel, a little DC motor, small cables, rubber wheels, and instruction. A primary learner could quickly learn about solar cells from this kit. 

Solar educational kit: It contains some small solar panels, a small DC motor, a little fan, and an instruction manual. Being very simple, it’s confounding and already prevalent in schools and educational organizations. 

Solar cell: science learning for children

We often think of science as fancy machines, complex technologies, and outputs. Although that’s not entirely wrong, it’s not entirely accurate either. Science is a rational way of learning nature.

Teaching children about science isn’t that tough but needs dedication. 

Along with performing as a splendid source of renewable energy, solar cells are gratifying ways of science learning for children.

Here are some examples which have become trendy recently: 

Toyvilla solar model building science project contains a solar windmill, a solar car, and an instruction manual to arrange the separate things. It’s a learning toy to grow the developmental sense of children. It’s not complex, and kids could understand the elementary science of solar cells through playing. 

6 in 1 super solar recycler model kit: These are moving robots powered by solar energy. A tiny solar panel ensures the power supply to make the robots walk. No pollutant substances are not in this kit as building blocks. Children could grow their analytical and inquisitive potentials through playing. 

Elenco solar educational kit: It includes three 5VDC solar cells with a black plastic frame, 5-volt DC motor, a fan blade, a 1.5-volt bulb, and a sound module. Besides using as game tools, it could charge batteries and radios. 

Thames and Kosmos Solar power: It incorporates toy vehicles powered by solar cells. Three solar cells churn out 1.5 volts of electricity. It can charge AA rechargeable battery. As a kit, it helps children understand solar cells’ working methods. Kids could uncover scientific knowledge while playing. 

Solar Cells and future recreation for kids

  • A probable combination of toys and artificial intelligence could appear as a new beginning. 
  • Like calculating numbers or drawing something on the screen, advanced educational kits with more creative options could be possible. 
  • More creative gaming options powered with solar energy are already evolving. 
  • Learning energy-generating through creativity could bring outstanding designs of micro solar cells for kids. 

Solar cell and climate consciousness for children

Solar cells are entirely renewable and have no pollution effects on nature. They utilize sunlight from electric current without that much complexity. Undoubtedly, they are clean and reliable. 

Recently, climate change is becoming an alarming issue since polar icebergs began to defrost. Adopting renewable energy is one of the best solutions, and solar cells could be an intelligent answer. Besides its primary consumption, we can utilize it as a tool of making climate consciousness among the next generation: 

  • Through solar cells, children could learn the energy mechanism which runs the collective lives of the urban and rural areas. Already, in many schools in the US, it’s a part of the lesson. 
  • How and why our climate matters are a serious concern for everyone. Kids could acquire elementary knowledge of environmental awareness by handling safe solar cells. 
  • Sunlight is the ultimate origin of energy on this planet. Solar toys and kits could be splendid options for kids to learn about the interaction of sunlight and our environment. Various recreation instruments with solar panels could help raise the sense of climate consciousness among children.

Solar panels and energy awareness for kids 

  • Through amusement things with solar cells, children could think about the energy that runs our obligatory daily activities. It’s a vital part of primary education in Finland, Japan, and Denmark. 
  • A running renewable energy source could open new windows of the invention. Although it seems unbelievable, it’s not impossible to perform. 
  • Unlike fossil fuels, sunlight is abundant. It’s easy to get and convert into an electric current with solar cells. Entertainment like playing with solar toys could help innovative ideas about energy systems. Innovations were possible through alternative thinking triggered by youthful imaginations in the past. Incredible, but it’s true. 

Facts

  • Solar toys began to become popular in the ’80s. 
  • Amusement toys with solar cells last longer than traditional toys. 
  • In primary education sectors, solar cells and equipment usage are becoming trendy in India, South Korea, Cuba, and Iceland. 
  • Solar-powered toys don’t need batteries. 

Conclusion

Solar cells work in diverse areas as a sustainable source of energy. It’s easy to grasp and has minimal drawbacks. Along with fulfilling the basic energy needs, it’s now visible in amusement sections in many ways.

These days, scope for kids are increasing to learn, and playing with solar-powered toys are expanding, which has bright possibilities for future generations. I hope you got the point that How Do Solar Cells Work For Kids?

Summary

After appearing in reality, solar cells have been performing as a renewable source only. It is visible in many forms these days, like fun instruments or toys that are becoming trendy.

New generations are getting familiar with solar cells in an inventive way. Solar-powered toys and kits operate sunlight to work as amusement things. Besides fun, solar cells are becoming beneficent for energy awareness too.

Recently, many new upheavals have become apparent in different types of science learning tools with solar cells. A diversity of upcoming transformations will allow new horizons of instruments with solar cells for kids.