No one of us is unfamiliar with putting on masks on our noses because of air pollution. Starting from developed countries to any other country in this world, we all see polluted water bodies, smokes coming out of factories as we pass through. However, is this all we need to know about pollution?

No! As human beings, we must understand the effects, and causes and An In-Depth Overview of Pollution. Let us give you a glimpse into this article. 

By definition, pollution introduces a contaminant in a Process and method of dirtying land, air, water, or other parts of the process and not clean or suitable for use. In the modern-day, the word has a broader spectrum.

Pollution in the 21st century has been a major environmental issue stemming mostly from artificial or human-made interventions and activities. It has significantly impacted the overall world environment, economy, and society in various ways.

It has a foiled natural environment and hampered the environment’s utility in the future economy. Pollution has also been the principal reason for widespread disease epidemics and illnesses. With the onset of significant environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution is one of the significant hurdles that must be singularly addressed via policy, action, and public awareness.

Understanding the various forms of pollution and how it is created starts from the first steps in discovering the best way to stop it. Individuals create pollution, and individuals can also put an end to many forms of pollution.

Pollution at different Spheres

There is pollution in every sphere of this earth due to inconsiderate human activities. The major ones are the pollution on;

• Land
• Air and 
• Water.  

Let us go in-depth about these pollutions. 

Land Pollution 

Land pollution results from dumping garbage, waste, and other pollutants that contaminate or pollute the land. The source of soil pollution derives from the human element, such as littering and waste washed ashore from boats, oil rigs, and sewage points.

Land contamination is the product of burning trash, waste, and other pollutants that contaminate or pollute the land. Soil contamination is caused by human activities such as littering and washed ashore from boats, oil rigs, and sewage outlets.

Land pollution is a problematic issue that affects people, creatures, and the earth. Without taking measures currently to diminish contamination levels, permanent changes to the land can happen.

The hostile amendments to the planet because of land contamination are natural; however, they are much greater than they show up. There are a few obvious reasons for land contamination. Six factors contribute more than others1. Soil erosion and deforestation

2. Agricultural chemicals

3. Industrialization

4. Mining

5. Landfills

6. Human sewage

Water Pollution:

Water pollution happens when lethal substances enter water bodies, for example, lakes, streams, seas, etc., getting broken up in them, lying suspended in the water, or keeping on the bed. This degrades the nature of water. 

In addition to the fact that this spells disaster for marine environments, the toxins additionally leak through and come to the groundwater, which may wind up in our house as tainted water we use in our day by day exercises, including drinking.

Water contamination can be caused in various manners, one of the most polluting city sewage and mechanical waste releases.

Deviant wellsprings of water contamination incorporate contaminants that enter the water supply from soils or groundwater frameworks and the environment using a downpour.

Soils and groundwater contain the buildup of human farming practices and inappropriately discarded modern squanders.

Air Pollution

Air pollution is a mixture of airborne solid particles and gases, vehicle pollution, manufacturing products, dust, pollen, and mold spores, all of those may be retained as particulate matter. Ozone, a gas, is an essential aspect of town air pollution. If air pollution is created by ozone, it is also called smog.

 Many contaminants that cause ozone are toxic. Inhaling them will increase the chance of health problems you will have.

Individuals with heart or lung disease, older adults, and children are at higher air pollution risks. Air pollution is not just outside-it can pollute the air inside houses, too, and affect your health.

 https://climatekids.nasa.gov/air-pollution/ 

Besides the land, air, and water pollution, significant pollution issues are severely affecting the earth; those are below.

Plastic pollution; refuse to adopt any solution 

Plastic is now an essential part of our daily life. We often use plastic water bottles, plastic plates, plastic forks and spoons, plastic cups for tea or coffee with plastic stir sticks, and all carried to the meeting using plastic bags to organize a conference or a workshop.  

Plastic pollution in the earth’s environment continues unabated, raising severe threats to human and animal health as we yet to reduce its production and safe management.

Environmentalists declared that plastic could exist in soil and water for an extended period as it is not biodegradable. It may turn into leachate and, through heat, get mixed with the food-chain and enter the human body, causing diseases and, eventually, deaths.           

It also gradually gets divided into tiny particles and gets back to the animal body through their food chain.

When burned, plastic releases dangerous chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide, dioxins, furans, heavy metals, and particulates. Emission of such elements is known to cause respiratory ailments and stress the human immune system.

The difficulty of plastic pollution on land and in the oceans has only grown as the use of single-use plastics has flourished worldwide.

Also, greenhouse gas emissions from burning plastic material such as methane and carbon dioxide continue to drive global warming. They pose a significant threat to biodiversity and public health.

Electronic waste; Technological pollution, a 21st-century problem  

Electronic waste or e-waste is alarming nowadays, as we have entered the digital era with many uses of electronic goods & gadgets in daily applications. E-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices.

Used electronics intended for refurbishment, reuse, resale, salvage recycling by material recovery, or disposal are also considered e-waste.

Nowadays, electrical and electronic goods are an essential commodity for daily life’s various purposes. They are multiplying five times faster than human-like mobile phones, which has reached zero to 7.2 billion in only three decades.

A 5–10% yearly increase in the amount of used electrical and electronic products disposed of cautiously can cause environmental hazards that affect human health, marine life, reduce soil fertility, and contamination of groundwater.

Managing this enormous inflow of electrical and electronic waste is a challenge for the entire world with barebones solid waste management infrastructure.

Overview of Pollution: Why Pollution?

Generally, the sources of emissions are categorized into point sources and nonpoint sources.

 Point sources are known as regional sources of pollution, such as power stations, refineries, mines, factories, wastewater treatment plants, etc.

Nonpoint sources are those spread across a wide geographic area, such as a watercourse. 

Mobile sources may also be included as nonpoint sources such as cars, buses, and trains. Though each is a point source, they travel and spread their cumulative impact across a wide geographic area.

A common nonpoint source of pollution would be an urban runoff, where the contaminant load within the wetlands could be the sum of thousands of small dot sources.

Much air pollution arises from factories and energy usage. Fossil fuel combustion releases chemicals and chemical substances into the air.

Yet, in an incredibly destructive feedback loop, air pollution not only leads to but is also intensified by climate change.

Air pollution in the form of carbon dioxide and methane elevates the temperature on the planet.

The increased heat also exacerbates another type of air pollution: Smog occurs when the weather is warmer, and there is more ultraviolet radiation.

Climate change also increases allergic air pollutants’ production, including mold (due to extreme weather conditions and increased flooding) and pollen (due to a more extended pollen season and increased pollen production).

Impacts of Pollution

Practically any form of water pollution is harmful to human and animal health. Contamination from water may not instantly affect our health but maybe dangerous after long-term exposure.

Effect on Human Health:

The health of animals gets affected in different ways:

• Industrial heavy metals can accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These are toxic to marine life, such as fish and shellfish, and then to the people who eat them. The development of heavy metals can slow, result in congenital disabilities, and some are carcinogenic.
• The industrial waste also contains several toxic compounds that affect aquatic animals ‘ health and those who consume it. Some of the industrial waste contaminants may have only a mild effect, while others may be lethal. We can cause immune suppression, failure of reproduction, or acute poisoning.
• Sewage microbial contaminants also contribute to infectious diseases that affect aquatic life and terrestrial life by drinking water. In the developing world, microbial water pollution is a significant problem, with cholera and typhoid fever being the primary cause of infant mortality.
• Organic matter and nutrients cause an increase in aerobic algae, and the water column depletes oxygen. This causes fish and other aquatic organisms to get suffocated.
• Acid rain sulfate particles can affect marine life’s health in the rivers and lakes; it contaminates and can contribute to mortality.
• Suspended particulate matter in waterways decreases human drinking water quality and marine life in the aquatic environment.

Several air pollutants have proven or suspected adverse health and environmental consequences. Such emissions are mainly combustion products from space heating, power generation, or motor vehicle traffic in most parts of Europe. Not only can emissions from these sources become an issue near these sources, but they can also travel long distances. The kind of air pollution that we are subjected to impacts our physical and psychological health differently.

There are many organs and bodily functions that can be harmed, the consequences including:

• Respiratory diseases 
• Cardiovascular damage
• Fatigue, headaches, and anxiety
• Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat
• Damage to reproductive organs
• Harm to the liver, spleen, and blood
• Nervous system damage.

Effect on Natural Systems:

Land pollution has far-reaching consequences for water, soil, and wildlife that can be devastating. There are several potential environmental and animal consequences of land pollution, including these top five:

1. Groundwater poisoning

The chemicals may end up in the environment. This depends on the soil and whether the chemicals were improperly disposed of on the land. The process is called leaching. It can happen in fields, on industrial sites, and in landfills.

2. Eutrophication

Chemicals, such as nitrogen, are widely used on crops. The crops end up benefiting only a small portion of the nutrients. Generally, the remainder ends up in water inhabited by fish, algae, and other life forms. Most oxygen in the water is shaped by nutrient-heavy water, which leaves little for fish and different life. When that happens, most life forms can’t be sustained by water. This results in eutrophication and the death of aquatic life.

3. Shift in habitat

When soil erosion and deforestation advance, animals are forced to move to find shelter and food. The transition is too painful for some animals, and this has led to some dying. Some animals are thus at greater risk of extinction.

4. Increased Wildfires

 The dry conditions produced by soil chemicals help establish the ideal environment for wildfires. Due to the dry conditions and expanding areas of contaminated land, the fires will grow rapidly.

The impact of land pollution is not limited solely to soil and animals. Most of these occur from exposure to waste from water poisoning and soil contamination. Land pollution has also been linked to deficits in children’s development.

Chemicals commonly found in contaminated soil and water, such as lead, affect a child’s cognitive development, although the exposure is very low.

Solution to Pollution

• Environmental education is the best solution for preventing that above pollution; 100% renewable energy can save the climate by reducing pollution and carbon emission. However, today’s energy technology is totally based on non-renewable energy sources.

• Gas emission emissions are mitigated by automotive emission control, electric and hybrid cars, and public transport systems in various ways. Not all major cities have successful implementation and decent public transport in place. Still, the world is continuously working on this problem, and over the last decade, we have managed to reduce emissions significantly. There’s a lot of catch up to do.

• It is becoming clear the cost of nuclear power plants and coal power plants’ days are almost gone. The issue of radiation is a serious one. Radioactive pollution from power plants and nuclear testing has already polluted ocean life to such a degree that returning to normal would take hundreds of years. More radiation solutions are being developed every day in the works with diverse ecologically friendly power technologies.

• Solar power is an fantastic solution:  Now that solar radiation is at a climactic height, solar panel systems can be used to harvest power from the sun. This ranges from home systems to larger-scale systems that power whole communities and cities.

• Wind power is a ray of hope; this may not seem like much at first, but when you get about 100 feet off the ground, there is a great deal of wind up there. Electricity is produced by building wind turbines to harness natural wind energy. Wind turbine power and solar power are potent forces against both fossil and nuclear fuel oil. The one question here is that of power companies. Making the switch has become the crusades of many individuals and small businesses, and many people follow this as communities cry for help.

• Electromagnetic radiation (ER) reduction: Once large computer and electronic device manufacturers realized the blatant potential for massive ER emissions directly into users ‘ eyes and brains, they began implementing hardware protocols to minimize risks and significantly reduce ER production. New devices are in the lead to hammer out this problem and, fortunately, this works. 

• We need to change our existing corporate culture and behaviors relating to the use of plastics. In our home, offices, and workplaces, we should ban the use of single-use plastic and packaging materials. We can make our home & offices green and minimize our plastic pollution footprint. If plastic pollution continues at the current pace, the earth will be living on islands of plastic. The time for action is now. Let’s beat plastic pollution.

Conclusion

Because water, land, and air form a centre of humans and other living things, it can not be stressed about their survival and sustainable availability.

Various human activities threaten the availability of clean resources, and pollution is of interest, affecting the ecosystem and causing multiple climate changes.

Although factories and various treatment plants are exploring different waste treatment approaches, some companies are still discharging untreated waste into the atmosphere.

Consequently, a successful enforcement push for environmental protection policies will significantly benefit the ecosystem and, by extension, humans.

Factoring these environmental protection policies into the priorities and objectives of various actors involved in environmental degradation would improve policies’ performance.

That will serve as a step in the direction of pollution correction. I hope this In-Depth Overview of Pollution will give you a clear idea.