If you want to power heavy AC devices, coffee makers, etc., daily, you may want to know precisely how to calculate your solar power requirements.
Solar-powered generators are enabling us to live an eco-friendly life without adjusting or limiting our power needs. A solar generator provides clean energy with its quiet operation without any hazards.
Here in this article, you can explore what size of solar generator I need for my requirement; appliances can run on a solar power generator, calculate the number of solar panels required, and calculate solar panel battery and inverter requirements for the solar generator.
Let’s find the process how calculating how much power you need from a solar generator.
What size solar generator do I need for my requirement?
The advancements in the solar generator industry have been phenomenal in the last few years. Solar generators have been dominating the renewable energy industry due to their mobility and adaptability.
The improvements in capacity and expandability made the usage of solar generators much more convenient.
Solar generators are a great option for charging portable devices like smartphones or if you want to run a big item such as the coffee-maker from time to time.
You may as well power up a water pump, hairdryer, tv, light, fan, etc.
You can run kitchen items such as microwave, and fridge.
And essential devices such as the fridge.
However, you may still need to properly size your solar generator unit for a balanced system of design.
Only a few solar generator units can power several appliances simultaneously.
You will be disappointed after buying a solar generator only to find out that the unit can’t operate an air-conditioner or any other appliances of your choice.
If you want to power the boiler, electric furnaces, etc. during an emergency, a portable solar generator may not suffice as they consume a lot of energy.
The solar backup generators comprise several batteries to charge up the above-mentioned devices comfortably.
Since the solar generators can only run electronic devices for a specific no. of hours/day, you must know what you want to power with your solar backup generator.
What appliances can run on a solar power generator?
Let’s say, the power rating of a refrigerator is 1000 kWh/year.
The running watts/hour gives a proper idea of whether a solar generator can operate it or not.
Running watts/hour
= 1000 x 1000 Watt-hour/year
= 1000000 / (365 x 24) Watt-hour/day
= 114 Watt-hour/day
You can thus precisely calculate how much power you need from a solar generator.
How do I calculate how much solar power I need from a solar generator?
So here goes a simple guide to calculating your solar power needs.
A simple guide on how to calculate how much power you need from a solar generator:
The very first step in calculating the power you need from a solar generator is to know how much energy (watts/day) you want to use regularly.
Calculate the power requirements/day (in watts) by totaling the multiplication of running watts and running hours for all your appliances.
Energy demand chart:
| Appliances | Running Watts | Running hours/day | Running watts x Running hours/day |
| 1. Refrigerator | 100 (Surge watts 660) |
24 | 2,400 |
| 2. Rice cooker | 200 (Surge watts 500) |
0.1 (10 minutes) | 20 |
| 3. Light bulb | 75 | 10 | 750 |
Total = 3,170 Watt-hours / day
Power consumption of electronic appliances such as freezers, coffee makers, etc., varies with how and when they are operated.
Surge wattage is the peak power that a device requires for a few seconds to start up the motor.
The power rating of a refrigerator may be 660 watts/hour for example.
But it is the highest power consumption (when the door is open).
Assuming,
the highest power consumption occurs for 6 minutes (6 / 60 = 0.10 hours) in an hour and
for the rest of the hour (54 minutes i.e., 54/60=0.9 hours), it consumes maybe 100 watts only.
So, the running watts for a refrigerator in an hour
= 660 x 0.1 + 100 x 0.9 Watts
=156 Watts, which is 25% of the rated power (660)
So, take 20-25 % of the rated power (the highest power that it consumes) for the required energy demand/hour for such an electronic appliance.
How to calculate the number of solar panels required?
You must follow a few steps to precisely calculate how much solar power you require from a solar generator.
It necessitates you to consider a few variables as well. For instance
- The efficiency of your solar panel
- Positioning of the solar panel generator
- Recharging time
Watt-hours / day of a solar generator unit depends on the efficacy of the solar cell and the hours of sunlight it gets.
Let’s say,
A solar generator unit comprises four 300-watt solar panels.
But a 300-watt solar generator can generate 300 watts only during the standard testing conditions unless the ideal conditions are met.
The sunlight hour (average) of a particular geographical location is 6 hours
But peak sunlight hours can be much less than the average sunlight hours (around 3-4 hours). Only during this hour, do 1000 watts of sunlight per square meter hits the solar cells.
And the solar generator battery will go out of capacity if the recharging time of the battery is longer than the average sunlight hours.
If any device is being used while recharging or the solar generator unit has a PWM charge controller, then it’ll take a few more hours to fully recharge the battery.
An MPPT (maximum power point tracking) charge controller recharges the solar generator unit more efficiently than the PWM (pulse width modulation) charge controllers.
Considering the above variables, the output (watt-hours / day) of a solar generator unit maybe 60-70% of the theoretical value.
Solar generator output
= wattage of solar cells x Sunlight hour (average) x 60%
= 4 x 300 x 6 x 60 /100
= 4,320 watt-hours / day
= 4.320 kwh / day
How to calculate solar panel battery and inverter requirements for my solar generator?
During the winter or rainy season, you may get insufficient solar energy.
If you want a solar generator as a backup in your home, you need to figure out how much should be the capacity of the solar generator battery.
Accounting for the inconsistency of solar energy, you may want to store 2x the energy demand in your rechargeable batteries.
Total Watt-hours / day from the energy demand chart = 3,170
3,170 (Watt-hours / day) x 2 = 6,340 Watt-hours
So, you need to store 6,340 watt-hours (6.34 kwh)
- to supply electricity on demand or
- for emergency preparedness.
Solar generator batteries are rated at ampere-hours (AH) and most of them run at 12 Volts.
Then, the watt-hours for four 125 AH batteries will be
= 4 x 125 AH x 12 V
= 6000 WH
= 6 kWh
Then again, you should not overcharge the battery as it deteriorates the quality of a solar generator battery.
Find a solar generator unit that enables the interruption with its regulator (charge controller) when the battery is overcharged.
In an emergency scenario during a power outage, it is not feasible often to keep powering devices such as the freezer or fridge.
A solar generator inverter converts the Direct Current (DC) from the battery to Alternative Current (AC) to run the appliances.
The inverter rating indicates the highest wattage it can withdraw i.e., it suggests whether the solar generator unit can run an electronic appliance or not.
Conclusion
If it necessitates you to live off-grid suddenly due to an overwhelming power outage, it’ll cause a huge setback in your powered-up lives.
Since the fuel-powered generators emit fumes and cause huge sound pollution they are not suitable for indoor uses. The solar generators on the contrary, effectively and silently power up phones, laptops, and other essential devices causing no concern about refueling.
You don’t have to worry about the recharging options as well. There are many solar generator units that you can charge with a conventional wall outlet (home AC) or car adapter (12 volts) along with the traditional solar cells.
You have to be a bit cautious only for calculating the power needed for your solar generator so you can stay powered up and be protected in crucial moments. That’s why we’ve tried to explain exactly how to calculate how much power you need from a solar generator in this article. The list of things to do to get to the formula is as follows.
Summary: Solar power calculation formula
Go through the power ratings and convert to running watts/hour
Estimate the wattage of the electronic appliances/day
Take into account the recharging time, weather conditions, and other variables
To figure out the watt-hours of solar power generator to meet your needs, multiply the running watts/hour of your electronic appliances by the running hours/day and add them up.
And,
Solar generator output
= wattage of solar cells x Sunlight hour (average) x (60-80) %